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(P) Plantations (Laois - Offaly (Workings (Known as (Queens County,…
(P) Plantations
Laois - Offaly
O'Moores
O'Connors
First Plantation
Queen Mary
Workings
Known as
Queens County
King's County
Renamed
Marybrough
Philipstown
Sheriffs
Enforces
Laws
Customs
Language
Varying estate sizes
Results
Failed
Small size of estates
Half of land given
Land given back to Gaelic
Planters came under attack
Learnt for there mistakes
Munster
Queen Elizabeth
Desmond Rebellions
First
1569
Led by James Fitzmaurice Fitzgerald
Fled to seek help
Promised soldiers by Pope Gregory XIII
Travelled to
France
Spain
Italy
Returned in 1579
Second
1579
Killed early on
Back up from Pope
Smerwick Harbour County Cork
1580
All Massacred
Earl was Killed
Land was taken by Queen 1586
Rebellion was over
Muster lay in ruins
Around 30000 deaths
Agri was distroid
Famine
Workings
Wanted it to be more successful
Aims
Larger estats
Ordered to bring English tenants
Undertakers
Remove Gaelic
Bring
Around 90 English Tenants
+70 Household servents
Craftsmen
Sheep Cattle & horses
Provide 15 horse soldiers
Pay rent to crown
Ready for imvasion
Results
Lasting Consequences
New towns
Killarney
Kerry
Lismore
Waterford
Youghal
Mallow
Bandon
Important economic centres
New farming methods
Groups in Ireland
Old English
Gaelicised Anglo-Normans
Gaelic Irish
Causes
Creation of larger empiers
Loss of trust in catholics
Small rises in Irish power
Surrender and Regrant
King Henry VIII idea
Landowners would
Recognise king harry as King of Ireland
Legal right over all land of Ireland
Oath of Supremacy
Harry VIII would
Allow Irish tenants
Title would be valid in English law
import people were given titles
Earls
Policy
Rebels would be evicted
English people will get land
Planters would
Spread English law and customs
Protect land for Gaelic
Spread Protestant religion
Ulster
Nine Years War
1594 - 1603
Hugh O'Neill
Employed mercenaries
Army of 10,000
Joined O'Donnell
1598
They defeated the English battle of Yellow Ford
Rebellion spread through Gaelic Irish
King Philip Of Spain sent help
3,500 soldiers
Arrived in Kinsale Co Cork
Upon arrival
Army got trapped by British
Gaelic Irish marched to meet them
Fought unsuccessful battle
2 more items...
Fled in 1607
Flight of the Earls
Treaty of Mellifont
Aloud to keep land
Workings
After Flight of the Earls
King James I took over
Confiscated Earls land and planted it
6 counties
Estates
1,000
1,500
2,000
Groups aloud land
Undertakers
Low rent
24 men over 18
Stone house or castle for security
Servitors
Soldiers who served in the Nine Years War
Largest group
Aloud Irish tenents
Rent higher than Undertakers
Loyal Irish
Loyal during the Nine Years War
Twice the rent of undertaker
Located close to Servitors
17 got large Estates
300 smaller estates
London Craft Guild
Renamed Londenderry
New industries
Economically succesful
Twelve guilds
Results
More successful
Sectarian conflict
Created more jobs
New Towns
Coleraine
Letterkenny
Enniskillen
Cromwellian
Before
Tension between Protestant settlers and the Gaelic Catholic Irish
1641
Rebellion
Between 10% to 15% of protestants killed or fled
1642
Catholic Confederacy
Gaelic Irish
Old English
Didn't really work as they didn't trust Each other
1642 - 1649 England
Civil War
1649 King Charles was beheaded
Cromwell now focused on Ireland
Royalist
Supported King Charles I
Parliamentarians
Two nick names
New Model Army
Roundheads
Led by Oliver Cromwell
Believed that parliament should have more control
Largely made up of Puritans (Calvinists)
Cromwell in Ireland
Believed that defeat of the catholic Irish would benefit them
Need to Pay parliament for all the fighting over years
Wanted revenge
Destroy Catholicism in Ireland
wanted to stop future rebellions
Wanted to stop attack from other catholic European country
12,000
Dublin
Drogheda
Wexford
New Ross
Clonmel
Killkenny
Youghal
Within a year he left and left sun-in-law incharge
By 1652
Controlled
Galway
Limerick
All under British control
Results
Country was devastated
Catholic priest
Fled to Europe
Executed
Sent to islands to work in sugar plantation
Catholic's were sent to west Indies
Soldiers were allowed join other army's in Europe
Down survey
Mapped Ireland
Best mapped country in Europe
Act of Settlement 1652
Fighters against England lost their land
Hell or to Connacht
Planters who could not provide were moved to connacht
Overall results
Political
Religious
Cultural