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Human Biology (Nervous System (Reflexes (Steps (1) Receptor detects…

- - - - Cerebrum
        
        The part of the brain that controls conscious thoughts, and the movement of every body part and receives all sensory information
      - Cerebellum
        
        The part of the brain that is responsible for coordination and balance
      - Medulla
        
        The part of the brain where the spinal cord enters the skull. It controls the body's vital functions such as breathing, heart rate and blood pressure
      - Hypothalamus
        
        Coordinates and links endocrine and nervous system by acting upon the pituitary gland
      - Pituitary Gland
        
        Also known as the master gland. Produces the critical hormones that control bodily functions
  - - - Somatic
        
        Controls voluntary movements by activating skeletal muscles
      - Autonomic
        
        Controls involuntary movements by influencing organs, glands and smooth muscles
        
        Sympathetic
        
        Prepares body for stressful or energetic moments. "fight or flight"
        
        Parasympathetic
        
        Dominates during times of "rest and digestion". Directs maintenance activities
  - - - Transmit messages from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands.
    - - Transmit messages from sense receptors, such as the eye or nose, to the brain or spinal cord.
    - - Transmits messages between neurons in the CNS
    - - Cell Body
        
        The part of the neuron that contains the nucleus
      - Dendrite
        
        branches from the cell body that receive information from others neurons
      - Axon
        
        A nerve fibre that sends nerve impulses away from the cell
      - Myelin Sheath
        
        Insulating layer that covers a neuron. Speeds up electrical impulses
  - - - A chemical message released at the end of an axon to be received by the next neuron's dendrites
  - - - 1) Receptor detects stimulus - change the environment
      - 2) Sensory neuron is activated.
      - 3) Signal is sent to the connecting neuron in the CNS
      - 4) Motor neurone is activated and sends signal to effector
      - 5) Effector produces a response.
  - - - Detect pain
    - - Temperature
    - - Feels (touch)
    - - Light (eyes/ retina
    - - Taste and smell
    - - Detect damages or potential damage
- - - - Special cells that are the only ones affected by a particular hormone
      - Hormones have a specific chemical structure and specific shape that fit perfectly onto the receptors of it's target cells
      - Hormones target specific cells without others being affected
  - - - Most important function is to link the nervous and endocrine system
      - Constantly checks internal environment
      - Through it's affects on the pituitary gland, the hypothalamus controls important aspects of the body. eg body temperature
  - - - Human growth hormone (HGH)
        
        Growth
      - Prolactin and oxytocin
        
        Milk Prodcution
      - Thyroid stimulating hormone
        
        Maintain healthy metabolism
      - Luteinising hormone
        
        Stimulates egg release
    - - produces thyroxin
        
        Controls metabolism, heath production and respiration
    - - produces thymosin and humoral
        
        Humoral helps the immune system fight diseases
        
        Thymosin helps with puberty
    - - produces adrenaline
        
        Helps how we respond to stress
    - - produces insulin and glucagon
        
        glucagon raises blood sugar levels
        
        insulin lowers blood sugar levels
        
        Your blood glucose levels decrease in between meals or during exercise. As a response, specialised cells in the pancreas secrete glucagon into the blood.
    - - produces oestrogen and progesterone
        
        Helps in development of reproductive organs
        
        Fertility
        
        Pregnancy
    - - produces testosterone
        
        Promotes reproductive organ development
        
        Maintains sex drive
        
        Deepens voice
- - - - Produced by sweat glands
    - - expansion of blood vessels to let heat out
  - - - Muscle contractions
    - - Constriction of blood vessels to sustain heat
  - - - Insulin
        
        Insulin stimulates formation of glycogen. Decreases blood sugar levels.
    - - Glucagon
        
        Glucagon stimulates breakdown of glycogen. Increases blood sugar levels