Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Types of Claims (Five Types of Claims (Claims of fact (Questions answered…
Types of Claims
Five Types of Claims
-
Questions answered by claims of definition. What is it? What is it like? How should it be classified? How should it be interpreted?How does its usual meaning change in a particular context?
Types of support associated with claims of definition. references to reliable authorities and accepted sources that can be used to establish clear definitions and meanings.
-
Questions answered by claims of cause. What caused it? Where or what is its source? Why did it happen? What are the effects? What will probably be the results over the short term? Over the long term?
Types of support associated with claims of cause. The argument must establish the probability of a cause-and-effect relationship. factual data, analogies. Another type of support is based on the use of signs to establish certain causes or effects. Induction, deduction.
-
Questions answered by claims of value. Is it good or bad? How bad? How good? Of what worth is it? Is it moral or immoral? Who thinks so? What do those people value? What values or criteria should I use to determine its goodness or badness? Are my values different from other people's values or from the author's values?
Types of support associated with claims of value. Appeals to values. Analogies, both literal and figurative
Possible organizational strategies. Applied criteria. Use topical organization by first developing a list of reasons why something is good or bad. Then each of the reasons is examined as a separate topic. Narrative structure
Questions answered by claims of policy. What should we do? How should we act? What should future policy be? What concrete course of action should we pursue to solve the problem?
Types of support associated with claims of policy. Data and statistics, moral and commonsense appeals. Literal analogies, and Argument from authority.
-