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Origins of Behavioral Neuroscience (Definitions (Neurophysiology = how the…
Origins of Behavioral Neuroscience
Definitions
Neurophysiology = how the brain functions
• Molecular neuroscience = they study of molecules in the brain
Developmental neuroscience = how the brain develops
Neurology = how disorders of the brain affect behavior in general
Neuroanatomy = how the brain is organized
Neuropharmacology = how drugs affect the brain
Behavioral neuroscience = the biological underpinnings of mental processes & behavior
Systems neuroscience = the study of neural networks
Computational neuroscience = how can the brain be modeled
The ROOTS of Behavioral Neuroscience
Hermann von Helmholtz = discovered that neural conduction was slower than speed of light
Johannes Müller = removed animals organs, tested their responses --> to explore their functions
Luigi Galvani = frog thing, led him to find electrical stimulation. Thought body was electrical
Gustav Fritsch and Eduard Hitzig = used electrical stimulation on brain (especially dog) --> Stimulation of a specific region of the brain caused contraction of specific muscles on opposite side of body
René Descartes = thing with statues, discovered that brain works with pressurized fluids in brain ventricule to cause behavior
Pierre Flourens = experimental ablation
Paul Broca = did experimental ablation on human brain
• Charles Darwin
All animals in the world, all cells in the world have a lot in common, because they all are descendants of a common ancestor. (they all came initially from the first living cell on earth)
Natural selection vs. mutation
Prokaryotic Cell = unorganized cell with: Plasma membrane, DNA & Proteins
Eukaryotic cell = similar but --> DNA organized in Nucleus & Mitochondria