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Changes because of the Cold War (Eastern Europe (Economic (Romania’s…
Changes because of the Cold War
Eastern Europe
Economic
Romania’s leader Nicolae Ceausescu’s economic policies caused a drop in living standards and food rationings. Ceausescu was eventually kidnapped and murdered for murdering thousands of people. Romania changed their government and is now showing economic growth.
Social
Citizens of Poland were unhappy with their government. Lech Walesa led a movement for a democracy. This movement was called Solidarity. Even when Walesa was arrested, the movement continued and gave Poland free parliamentary elections.
Political
Numerous countries in Eastern Europe were part of the Soviet Union and had a communist government. After the fall of the Soviet Union, these countries, such as Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, and Romania, became their own countries with their own governments.
North America
Economic
Canada was dealing with ongoing economic issues with Quebec. The people of Quebec who voted only barely rejected recession. This debate divides Canada stil.
Political
During the end of the Cold War, the United States government was switching from right and left. Reagan's vice president, George Bush, a Republican, became president after Reagan. After Bush, Bill Clinton, a Democrat, was elected.
Social
The United States has been struggling to deal with wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. These wars were caused mainly due to terrorism. President George Bush lost popularity due to discontent over war in Afghanistan.
East Asia
Social
During the 1950’s and 1960’s, the Chinese government started to allow women more freedoms such as more roles in politics and marital rights. After the death Mao, family traditions returned. The people of China now had more freedom and better living conditions than ever.
Political
People of China could not directly criticize the Communist government. The people who wanted democracy and advocated for it were sentenced to long prison terms. In May 1989, Chinese students learned about economy in the West and wanted the same for Eastern China. They called for an end to corruption.
Economic
China had a major problem that was hard to deal with: population growth. China enacted a one-child policy. This policy allows education benefits, child care, and housing were offered to couples who limited their family to one child.
South and Southeast Asia
Political
Most countries in South and Southeast Asia have changed their governments to democracy. Despite these changes, some countries are still facing problems. Around the 1990’s, Indonesia had a financial crisis that caused political unrest. Myanmar still has a brutal military rule.
Economic
India has been having one of the fastest and largest growing economies. In 1991, economic reforms helped foster foreign investments and started to move India towards a market-based economy. Economists believe India is a rising economic superpower and may have the world’s third largest economy by 2035.
Social
Conflicts between Hindus and Muslims continued. Their religious differences caused Religious differences have caused a long-term dispute between India and Pakistan. In 2002, border conflicts led to threats of war.
Western Europe
Economic
With the destruction of the Berlin Wall came the reunification of Germany. When Germany reunified, the collapsed economy of eastern Germany caused problems for the new Germany. These problems led a poor economy for Germany.
Social
After the Cold War, the European Union was formed. Its first goal was to establish a common currency, the euro. The euro had replaced 17 nations currencies by January 2010.
Political
The two Germanys had extremely different governments. Western Germany was a conservative government. Eastern Germany was ruled harshly with a communist government
South/Central America
Political
Many countries in Latin America have changed their governments to democracies. Since the beginning of the 2000’s, Latin America has noticed a trend of electing left-wing governments. These countries have elected leaders such as Hugo Chavez in Venezuela, Luiz Inacio Lula de Silva in Brazil, and Michelle Bachelet in Chile.
Economic
Brazil and Chile have been experiencing economic growth. There has been an increased trade and educational reform in Brazil. Chile has been using the money it receives from copper to pay for social programs for women and children.
Social
Mexico has been struck by a violent drug problem. Columbia, the biggest producer of cocaine, uses Mexico as a gateway to the United States, where there is a huge market for cocaine. The transportation of drugs has caused problems on the border of the United States and Mexico.
Africa
Political
Some African countries have shown movement towards a democracy, but others still struggle with dictatorships and civil wars. Organizations similar to the EU have been created to help with problems in Africa. This organization is called the African Union, or AU. The AU promotes democracy and has mediated several problems.
Economic
Population growth in Africa has caused a drop in economy. In the 2000’s, Africa’s population growth rate was 2.3 percent compared to the rest of the world’s 1.24 percent growth. The growing population has caused widespread poverty and disease.
Social
Nigeria and other West African countries have faced violence among Christians and Muslims. In the early 2000’s, local Muslim officials decided to enact Islamic law throughout their jurisdictions. This decision caused riots between Christians and Muslims. The violence, however, has lessened due to compromise policies made by officials.
Middle East
Political
Iran is under control of Muslim clerics, who enforce strict Islamic law. The clerics limit women’s rights, a right to free assembly, and a right to free press. In 2009, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad was re-elected. Hundreds of thousands of Iranians protested saying the election was a fraud. The cruel treatment of the protesters was recorded and posted on social media.
Economic
Countries in the Middle East have been facing unemployment and poor education. Most young people in this area, more than half of Egypt’s 80 million people, are unemployed. These people caused an uprising to change government ways to reduce unemployment and poverty.
Social
The September 11 attack on the World Trade Centers caused the United States to invade Afghanistan and Iraq. Osama bin Laden, head of Al-Qaeda, said he was responsible for the act of terrorism. In 2011, U.S. forces kill bin Laden. After the invasion on Iraq, civil war broke out between the Shia Muslims and the Sunni Muslims.