End of Cold War Changes

South/Central America

South and Southeast Asia

Western Europe

Middle East

North America

East Asia

Eastern Europe

Africa

Social Changes: The North American Free Trade Agreement was created in 1993. This agreement was created in order to make trade easier and more profitable for North America. This agreement is between the United States, Canada, and Mexico.

Social Changes: The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1990, reunified East and West Germany. This symbolized the end of the Cold War. Germany had now become a new leading power.

Economic Changes: Since Putin’s changes, Russia has experienced a budget surplus and growing economy. Much of their economy growth comes from oil and gas exports. The end of the Soviet Union led to Russia having to transition into a free market economy, which was challenged by economic hardships, social dissray, and a dramatic rise in organized crime.

Social Changes: Conflict between Hindus and Muslims have continued. These religious issues have fueled a large dispute over Kashmir, a territory between India and Pakistan. The danger then escalated when the countries both tested nuclear warheads. The conflicts had led to a concern of war, but he countries agreed to cease-fire and to restore diplomatic relations.

Political Changes: since the beginning, the Communist party in China wanted to create a new kid of citizen. During the 1950’s and 1960’s, the Chinese government allowed women to take part in politics and equal marital rights. After the death of Mao, family traditons returned to China. This led to more freedom and better living conditions in China.

Social Changes: There has been ethnic tensions, high unemployment rates, growing poverty rates, poor education and limited civil rights. Israel and Palestine made efforts to create peace but continue to fail. After September 11 2001 when Osama Bin Laden led a terrorist attack at the World Trade Center, the United States invaded Afghanistan to find and kill him.

Social Changes: Religion in Africa has led to violence in Western Africa as well as Nigeria. There have been organizations that have been forming that are similar the the EU (European Union). These organizations work toward political and economic integrations.

Social Changes: There has been an increase in education and economic growth have lessened the gap between the rich and the poor. In many South American countries, there has been a push for reforms as well as economic growth. Cuba and the United States have begun to repair their relationship which became strained during the Cold War.

Economic Changes: The European Union, formed in 1993, created a common European currency, the Euro, in 2010. A major crisis had emerged that year to the euro, when the public debts of Greece and Ireland threatened bankruptcy for those countries and financial disaster for the euro. The euro united Europe through their economies.

Political Changes: After the resignation of Margaret Thatcher in 1990 in Great Britain, the Conservative party had failed to capture the imagination of most Britons. The election of 1997 had led to another change in party leaders, with the Labour Party winning in a landslide. The Labour party continued to win until 2010, when the Conservative party took power again.

Economic Changes: The spending policies of Reagan's administration produced record government budget deficits. Because of this, in 1992, Bill Clinton was elected president. Clinton was a new kind of democrat who favored several of the republican policies from the 1980’s.

Political Changes: Reagan reduced welfare policies by cutting spending on food stamps, school lunch programs, and job programs. At the same time, he oversaw the largest peace build up in US history. In Canada, Jean Chretien served as prime minister from 1993-2003. In 2006, Stephen Harper became the new prime minister.

Social Changes: The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1990 led to the reunification of Germany. This led to East and West Germany peacefully coming together to become one large country. This act ended the Cold War and the long rivalry between the two superpowers was over. Russia faced the social challenge between Yeltsin and the Chechens. The Chechens wanted to keep Chechnya a part of Russia and their communication led to brutal force used by Yeltsin against the Chechens.

Political Changes: After 40 years of the Cold War, the Soviet Union was revolutionized. After Gorbachev stopped sending military support to Communist satellite countries in Eastern Europe, independence movements took place in the 1980’s. Lech Walesa led the Solidarity movement in Poland, ending Communist rule. The end of Communist rule led to ethnic tensions to increase, leading to the fear of the breakup of the Soviet Union. This also lead to a peaceful reunification of Germany in 1990.

Political Changes: Pakistan became the center of attention when when forces arrived to overthrown the Taliban regime in Afghanistan. Although there was a large support for the Taliban by the local population, President Musharraf decided to bring the terrorist group to justice. This caused for problems to escalate in the country due to the support of the population to the Taliban

Economic Changes: Many countries in Southeast Asia have experienced economic growth. India’s economy has emerged into one of the greatest and most rapidly growing in the world. Economic reforms in 1991 led to a market-based economy to take over India. This has led to the service and industrial sectors to count for much of India’s GDP.

Social Changes: In China, the citizens have adapted to Western trends and popular culture. Married couples were giving their children more elegant names, rather than patriotic names, children were no longer restricted to wearing the baggy “Mao- suit”, and they now were jeans and athletic shoes. These changes have made for a new lifestyle in China.


Economic Changes: In China, the one-child policy was made to control population growth to avoid economic hardships. Those who followed the one-child policy were rewarded with education benefits, childcare, and housing. This allowed for the population to have a lower population growth rate.

Political Changes: Most of the Middle East has political instability. Iran remains under the control of muslim clerics. In Iraq in 2010, a new prime minister was elected. His name was Nuri Kamal al-Maliki.

Economic Changes: The Muslim clerics limit the right of women in Iran. They also limit the right to free assembly as well as a free press. The Middle East was rocked by an immense uprising that led to regime change Egypt.

Political Changes: Most of the African nations do not have political stability. Some nations in Africa are ruled over brutal dictatorships. Laurent Gbagbo was president since 2000 to 2010 when Alassane Ouattara beat him.

Economic Changes: A very big concern in Africa is the increase of poverty. There is an estimated 233 million people who are unnourished in Africa. Another very big concern in Africa is the increase of AIDS. In Africa, there are roughly 23.8 million people who have AIDS. The rapid population growth has slowed down the economic growth.

Economic Changes: Haiti has had to deal with the effects of earthquakes that have been very destructive. The Dominican Republic is now in a better place due to tourism as well as remittances from Dominicans abroad. Some of the economic struggles that El Salvador have to deal with are an increase in gang violence as well as poverty.

Political Changes: Since the 1990’s, many South American countries have transitioned to democracies. Recently, left wing governments have gained popularity as Bolivia, Paraguay, and Peru have elected populist leaders. El Salvador has recently ended a streak of conservative power.

Camden Fuerst Mod 9/10