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W2: The Digestive System: The GI Tract (Accessory Organs (salivary glands,…
W2: The Digestive System: The GI Tract
Accessory Organs
Pancreas
released pancreatic juice that neutralizes the acids in chyme coming from the stomach; and contains enzymes for breakdown of macros
Liver
produces bile
gallbladder
stores and releases bile when lipids need to be digested
salivary glands
parotid
sublingual
submandibular
Oral Cavity
salivary glands
parotid
submandibular
sublingual
saliva
electrolytes
mucus
contains glycoproteins that protect the cells lining the mouth
antibacterial components
antiviral components
waters
enzymes
mouth
Functions
mix food with saliva
moisten food with saliva
mechanical breakdown of food
esophagus
transports food from pharynx to stomach using peristalsis
stomach
mixes food with enzymes and acids to cause physical and chemical breakdown of foods
4 major regions
cardiac region
body
antrum
fundus
3 gastric glands
oxyntic
pyloric
cardiac
4 cell types
parietal
produces
HCL
intrinsic factor
enteroendocrine
aka G cells
stimulates parietal and chief cells
produces hormone gastrin
chief cells
produce enzymes needed for protein digestion
neck (mucus) cells
secrete an alkaline mucus that serves to project lining of stomach from strong acids
small intestine
major site of enzymatic digestion and nutrient absorption
Enhanced surface area structures
mucosa and submucosa arranged in circular folds of Kerckring
folds covered in villi [each villus contains blood vessel and lacteal(lymphatic vessel)]
each villi covered in enterocytes which are absorptive cells
enterocytes covered in microvilli
large intestine
receives food and prepares for elimination in the feces
pharynx
propels food from back of oral cavity to the esophagus