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Changes (Eastern Europe (Political (Communist governments collapse in…
Changes
Eastern Europe
Political
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Romania is still under communistic rule, but new government is more accountable for to the people forms compared to before
Lech Walesa led the Solidarity Movement, a national trade union in Poland, which helped to end 45 years of communistic rule
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Yugoslavia ceases to exist by 2004 due to regions wanting to secede from the nation and seek independence, terrorism, and other issues
Independence movements began in the 1980s when Gorbachev stopped sending military support to Communist satellite countries
Glasnost was introduced by Gorbachev, creating a policy of political openness which allowed Soviet citizens and officials to openly discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the government without worry of persecution
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Economic
After Walesa is elected president, Poland embraces free market reforms and and modernization
Gorbachev created Perestroika in order to reconstruct the Soviet economy, limiting free enterprise so some businesses would be privately owned & operated
Once Vladimir Putin became the president of Russia, the nation's economy started growing and he created a budget surplus
Western Europe
Political
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The Conservative Party gained popularity in France, as it took up 80% of the seats in the National Assembly
Social
In Germany, the Berlin Wall was torn down in 1990, reuniting the nation
Because of Germany's very liberal immigration laws, many illegal foreigners came seeking refuge
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Economic
In 1993, The European Union was formed, and in 2010 they established a common European currency, the euro
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North America
Political
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Vicente Fox and the National Action Party defeated the PRI for presidency in 2000, helping contribute to the rise of a multi-party system in Mexico
Social
American popular culture has become so popular throughout the world to the point that concerns are being raised regaurding the preservation of other languages and cultures
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Economic
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America has had a struggle to right the economy after record government budget deficits were produced from Reagan's spending policies
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Africa
Political
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Now women leaders are becoming a thing, such as Luisa Diogo, and multi-party elections are becoming more popular, for example after four decades of the Socialist Party's rule in Senegal, another party was electing
Social
The violence that goes on in parts of African helped start from religious conflicts, such as the Christians versus Muslims
There is an AIDS pandemic, along with the concerns of poverty
4 million men out of a country's 21 million are out of work, banks and businesses have closed, and there is a struggle to feed families
Economic
Similar to the EU, the African Economic Community was formed in order to better the economy in Africa
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Middle East
Political
A limit of basic rights, such as the right to free assembly, free speech, and those of women's, occurs when Iran enforces strict adherence to Islamic law
The limit of development and allowance of more oversight into Iran's nuclear program was made when the nation signed a nuclear deal with powerful countries
The Egyptian army siding with protesters resulted in the exile and imprisonment of President Hosni Mubarak
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Protests in Lybia led to the overthrow and death of Qaddafi after his troops clashed with other protesters
Social
Israel and Palestine have tension despite the efforts at peace (The Palestine Liberation Organization, PLO)
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The U.S. invades Afghanistan and Iraq after the attacks of 9/11, creating a civil war in Iraq between the Shia and Sunni Muslims.
Economic
The Middle East faces challenges of poverty, poor education, and high unemployment rates
South and Southeast Asia
Political
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The militantly political party, Hindu Bharata Party (BJP), along with others started to gain popularity compared to the leading political party of India, the Congress Party
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Pakistan is having issues with corrupt leaders, such as Benazir Bhutto and her successor
Social
The Philippines are challenged with terrorism, for example, Muslim rebels on the island of Mindanao want independence and use this method to get their point across
Pakistan's president, Musharraf, sent troops into Afghanistan to overthrow the Taliban regime in September 2001
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East Asia
Political
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China orders troops to kill innocent protesters, fearing they were demanding an end to Communist rule.
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Economic
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Japan's economy falls into a recession, causing slow economic growth and deflation
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South/Central America
Economic
Haiti is falling into poverty and dealing with other issues while areas such as the Dominican Republic are doing well
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Nations in South America lessened the gap between rich and poor by increasing public education and economic growth
Social
Hurricane Mitch, military coup, and continued gang & police violence are creating setbacks for Honduras
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Political
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Areas such as Bolivia, Paraguay, and Peru have had left-winged governments take popularity with the electing of populist leaders