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End of the Cold War Changes (Eastern Europe (Political Changes (After…
End of the Cold War Changes
Eastern Europe
Political Changes
After protests and demonstrations were made, the same worker who created the Solidarity trade union, which led to free parliamentary elections, later was elected as president in Poland's new government-different from the 45 previous years of Communist rule. Also, during the end of 1989, the Communist government collapsed which allowed ways for rebellious actions to take place and overthrow governments. These actions occurred in many areas and allowed the breakage of many countries from communist rule.
Social Changes
Mass demonstrations and protests occurred after Gorbachev decided to stop sending military support to satellite counties. A national trade union called Solitary was later created by a Poland worker. This union was also supported by the Roman Catholic Church. The Union was continued even after the worker's arrest and later resulted in free parliamentary elections.
Economic Changes
In 1980 a Polish worker named Lech Walesa to organize a national trade union called Solidarity. Rapid free-market reforms led to an increase of unemployment in Poland which led to Poland’s move toward an increasingly prosperous free-market economy. Also Slovakia has managed to change from a centrally planned economy to a market economy.
Western Europe
Social Changes
Women's Rights Movement have sparked conflict and angered women. These have promoted gains in women’s rights but still leave a large sum of progress to be made. Also Germans tore down the Berlin Wall which symbolized the reunification of Germany.
Economic Changes
The European Union wanted a common currency-creating the Euro. It served 327 million people to create more steady prices and market for items that are being sold. This was due to the combined countries who joined the European Union.
Political Changes
After high unemployment and severe discontent one result was a return to power for Social Democrats who won the 1998 elections, but because of their little success, a new female leader from the Christian Democrats became the first female chancellor in German History in 2005. Another political change includes Margaret Thatcher, the prime minister, failed to capture the imagination of most Britons. This then caused a new election to be held in 1997 which was won by a landslide victory win for Tony Blaire to become the new Prime Minister.
East Asia
Political Changes
In 1979, the Chinese government adopted a one-child policy to control china's population growth. This policy was due to the rapid population growth China was experiencing during this time.
Social Changes
Rapid growth means poor working conditions. Also low salaries have contributed to labor unrest which have all grabbed the attention of labor condition organizations and the government within the areas to make needed changes.
Economic Changes
Japan has witnessed slow economic growth and a decline in prices which is deflation. Deflation is a contraction in the volume of available money or credit that results in a direct decline in prices. The response to these casualties has been the government's attempt to stimulate the economy.
Middle East
Social Changes
Anti-American desires and unfair treatment in Areas such as Libya, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and many other places, protests have begun in many shapes and forms. Traditional protests occur often and new forms for organizing these include the use of social networking which has led to the military involvement of the UN who have promptly changed ruling practices and positions throughout the Middle East. Women's rights also are limited as well as other human rights by the ruling of Muslim Clerics in Iran.
Economic Changes
Due to the high percentage of unemployment in Tunisia, the Tunisian president fled the country with the combination of large protests to add on to the fact and left the country to increasingly instability and pessimism to follow.
Political Changes
The invasion of Iraq by the U.S. army which was caused by the 9/11 attacks, the country of Afghanistan fell into civil between the Shia Muslims and the Sunni Muslims who each controlled different parts of Iraq. Elections were after held in 2010 that led to the election of New Prime Minister, Nuri Kamal al-Maliki 8 months later. Unrelated protests have also occurred around the area that are by people with the desire for changes in the government to be made.
South/Central America
Social Changes
Mexico was having trouble with poverty and unemployment. Also there is a violent drug trade which led to the US ordering military response against the country’s drug gangs.
Economic Changes
Due to droughts in decrease in economic stability, the Brazilian leader has made many attempts to stabilize their economy. These efforts include the increase in exports, a new audience of consumers, and the expansion of the middle class.
Political Changes
The national action and Vicente fox defeated the PRI. This helped contribute the rise of multi party system in Mexico. Since 1990, many South American countries have transitioned to democracies and also reformed their economic and social structures.
South and Southeast Asia
Social Changes
Conflict has risen and still remains over the Kashmir area which is the area between the two conflicting countries, India and Pakistan, This conflict is caused by opposing Hindu and Muslim groups and because of their religious differences. Tensions have increased over time but after the brink of war in 2003, the countries both agreed to ceasefire and restore diplomatic relations.
Economic Changes
The economic reforms fostered foreign investment and moved India to a market-based economy. Agriculture is still occupied by Indians but the service and industrial sectors count for most of India's GDP.
Political Changes
New parties such as the militantly Hindu Bharata Janata Party (BJP) have opposed and competed with the previously powerful Congress Party of India and caused a decline in its hold on the area. This later led to BJP ruling from 1994-2004 but was then once again returned back to Congress Party who have made many reforms to rural areas.
Africa
Social Changes
Africa has major poverty and AIDS. Also religion has led to violence in some parts of Africa. To deal with these struggles, organizations all around the globe are being created to acknowledge and assess these situations.
Economic Changes
Many civil wars destroyed the economy of Cote d'Ivoire. Many cities jobs have disappeared, about 4 million men are out of work in a country of 2.1 million. Also many banks and business have shut down and food shortages are widespread.
Polical Changes
In Egypt, protests have sparked all around the area of Cairo, caused by the brutal and torturous security force used by the Egyptian President to deal with political contrast. After 18 days of these protests, the Egyptian army took the side of the protestesters who all then forced the now former president to leave the country and later sentenced him to life in prison due to hit brutality. A new president was later elected.
North America
Social Changes
With the dissatisfaction within the Iraqi war and a downturn in economics, President Bush lost popularity by the American people, leading to a change caused by unpopularity to the first elected African American U.S. president, Barack Obama. Due to Obama’s success in dealing with the budget deficit, he gained popularity and was later again elected.
Economic Changes
Canada approved the North American Free Trade Agreement with United States and Mexico. This then made trade easier and eventually more profitable for the United States and all members involved. Reagan also cut down welfare policies accomplished by cutting spending on food stamps while at the same time reducing spending habits to counteract deficit.
Political Changes
Due to Canadians feeling that the NAFTA was too favorable to the United States, the now former Prime Minister, Brian Mulroney lost a large sum of popularity. Later as an effect of the agreement, a new Prime Minister was chosen and eventually, again, another new Conservative victory occurred when Stephen Harper became the new Prime Minister after elections took place.