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Post-Cold War Changes (Eastern Europe (Political (Several countries in…
Post-Cold War Changes
Eastern Europe
Political
Several countries in Eastern Europe, such as Russia and Poland, introduced free markets. A free market allows citizens to create new products and services to sell for profits. This helps create competitive markets, and it contributes to political and civil freedom.
Economic
Russia can thank its economic growth to its oil and gas exports. The country has an estimated 6% of the worlds oil deposits and about 30% of the worlds natural gas deposits.
Social
After communism fell in Czechoslovakia and the new president Vaclav Havel was elected, old ethnic tensions began to appear. the Czechs and Slovaks agreed to divide into two, the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
Western Europe
Political
When the communist government of East Germany opened its borders with West Germany, the reunification of Germany took place and led to a democratic government.
Social
In France, resentment against foreign-born residents created tension between the Muslim community and the remaining French population.
Economic
Britain joined the EU and they established a common currency, the euro.
North America
Economic
In the United States, the Reagan administration produced record government budget deficits.
Social
In 1993, Canada approved the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), along with Mexico and the United States.
Political
In 2009, the United States elected their first African American president, Barack Obama.
South/Central America
Economic
Lula de Silva, the president of Brazil, created a policy that increased trade, exports, and educational reform. He also expanded the middle class, creating new consumers.
Social
In Chile, Michelle Bachelet used funds from copper resources to fund social programs for women and children.
Political
A political trend in the late 1990s and early 2000s were the elections of left-wing governments and the push for democracies. This is apparent in the election of Hugo Chavez in Venezuela, Luiz Inacío Lula de Silva in Brazil, and multiple more.
Middle East
Political
Iraq fell into a civil war between the Shia Muslims, who controlled Southern Iraq, and the Sunni Muslims, who controlled Central Iraq. Elections held in 2010 led to the election of Prime Minister Nuri Kamal al-Maliki.
Social
Iran remains under control of Muslim clerics who limit rights of women, and the right to free assembly and a free press. These actions led to many people protesting and fighting for a change.
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East Asia
Political
During the 1950s and 1960s, the Chinese government began to allow women to take part in politics and gave the equal marital rights.
Economic
China adopted a new agricultural policy that allowed farmers to lease land to peasants who paid rent and anything produced above the value of the rent could be sold for a profit. Also, it allowed peasants to make goods to sell. This policy began to help China end its problems of poverty and underdevelopment while entering the Industrial Age.
Social
In 1979, China began advocating a one-child policy. This policy aims to control population growth by giving incentives for families to only have one child.
South and Southeast Asia
Economic
India's economy is one of the largest and fastest growing in the world due to economic reforms in 1991 that fostered foreign investment and moved India towards a market-based economy.
Political
During the early 1990s, the Congress Party's power over the Indian government began to decline as the new parties such as the Hindu Bharata Jarata party grew.
Social
Religious conflicts between the Hindus and Muslims have fueled a long-term dispute between India and Pakistan.
Africa
Political
Africa has witnessed a number of women as leaders in their countries. Mozambique elected Luisa Diogo as their new prime minister in 2004.
Social
Uganda has made significant progress in its fight against AIDS. President Yoweri Museveni involved a wide range of natural leader in Ugandan Society as well as an international health and social service agencies. The number of cases of HIV in Uganda stabilized in the early 2000s.
Economic
In 1991, the Organization of African Unity agreed to establish the African Economic community. Their goal is to provide greater political and economic integration. They want to follow the footsteps of the EU.