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Changes (North America (political (Canada, Mexico, and the United States…
Changes
North America
political
Canada, Mexico, and the United States all approved NAFTA to make trade easier and more profitable. In Canada, many thought the agreement favored the U.S. too much, which led to the Prime Minister losing popularity. During the next election, the Prime Minister did not become re-elected due to this.
economic
Federal spending rose from $631 million to over 3 trillion under Reagan's presidency. This led to record budget deficits, with the U.S. spending more than they were collecting. Before Reagan, the deficits were $420 billion, but after Reagan they had tripled.
social
The Reagan Revolution reduced welfare policies by cutting funding from food stamps, school lunch programs. and job programs. At the same time, Reagan also oversaw peacetime military buildup. These things sent the U.S. policies in new directions.
political
Since 1990, North Korea has been under a military dictatorship. This has led to many internal problems such as droughts, famines, and economic problems. After Kim Jong Il died, his son Kim Jong Un became dictator and has continued to rule like his father.
social
China adopts the one-child policy in 1979. This was to control population growth. If the families only had one child, they received incentives such as education benefits, child care, and housing. The population growth in China has decreased due to this policy.
economic
Japan faced economic growth and deflation during a recession in the 1990s. Job security declined due to many workers being laid off. Many older Japanese also saw their savings decline along with the strain in the retirement programs due to the rapidly aging popuation.
political
In Egypt, an oppressive regime used torture and brutality to suppress any political opposition. By 2011, thousands of Egyptians flooded downtown Cairo and organized protests through social media. After many days of violent retaliation by secret police forces, the army sided with the people. The former president was sentenced to life in prison.
economic
The city of Abidjan in Côte d'Ivoire has been devastated due to civil war. The shining downtown area is now full of dark high rises. Jobs have disappeared leading to 4 million out of 21 million men without jobs. Food shortages are widespread along with many closed banks and businesses.
social
More than two thirds of all people living with HIV are in Africa. South of the Sahara, more than 1.2 million people died due to AIDS in 2010 alone. Uganda has sided with many international health and social service agencies to try to diminish the problem of HIV and AIDS.
political
In 2006, Mexico's president, Felipe Calderón, ordered a military response against the country's drug gangs. The drug gangs and violent drug war have led to high poverty hates, and political corruption. More than 35,000 people have been killed due to this.
economic
New Policies in Latin America have helped greater the economic growth in many countries. This has helped income equality and the greatest gap between the poor and the rich. If these changes had not been made, they would still be stuck with even greater deadly drug wars and be greatly poverty stricken.
social
In Brazil, a policy of increased trade and educational reform was pursued by Lula da Silva. In addition, he expanded the middle class and made new consumers while keeping exports. These changes and policies helped Brazil.
economic
India has one of the world's largest and fastest growing economies. In 1991, economic reforms moved India toward a market-based economy. India is an economic world superpower and may have the world's third largest economy by 2035.
social
In India, the Congress Party returned to power between 1996 and 2004 to carry out new reforms. These included public works projects and hot lunch programs for all primary school children. Manmohan Singh became prime minister, who had previously carried out economic reforms.
political
In India, the Congress Party remained the leading party, but its powerful hold began to decline, This is due to many new political parties forming including the BJP. The political instability was also due to the rising tensions between Muslims and Hindus.
economic
Soviet Union - Gorbachev introduces Perestroika to restructure economic policy. He envisioned an economy more responsive to consumers and one that would allow some privately owned businesses.
political
In Poland, Lech Walesa organized a national trade union, known as Solidarity, which gained the support of workers and the Roman Catholic Church. Walesa was arrested, but the movement continued until the Polish Regime agreed to free elections. Poland then became democratic with Walesa as the first chosen president.
social
In Kosovo the KLA was formed to campaign against Serbian rule. Kosovo was a self-governing province, until the Serbs stripped them of their autonomy. The Serbs then massacred all ethnic Albanians and eventually the Albanians in Kosovo regained their autonomy in 1999.
political
West Germany became democratic under the rule of Helmut Kohl, while East Germany was still under a Communist rule. Many in East Germany began mass demonstrations against the regime. East and West Germany eventually tore down the Berlin Wall, to form one Germany.
social
In France, resentment against foreign-born citizens became a reality. There were high tensions among the French population and the Muslim community. These tensions helped to elect a new president, Nicolas Sarkozy, in 2007.
economic
The European Union (EU), was an economic union in Western Europe. One of the EU's first goals was to establish a common currency, the euro. The euro replaced 17 different currencies, yet a crisis for the euro erupted in the same year. Public debts in Greece and Ireland threatened bankruptcy and disaster for the euro.
social
Iraq fell into civil war between the Shia Muslims and the Sunni Muslims. Elections were held in 2010 for a new prime minister, that was eventually elected eight months later. After the election, protests swept across Iraq for better government services.
political
Iran remains under the control of Muslim clerics who limit the rights of women, free assembly, and free press. After the re-election of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, many Iranians protested and declared the election a fraud. The violence of the military towards the protesters was captured on cellphones and posted to the media for the world to see.
economic
Many countries in the Middle East have faced growing poverty rates due to poor economies. Some of these countries don't provide their citizens with enough rights to fix these problems. After decades of these problems, the young generations have brought a new beginning to the Middle East.
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