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GENE MUTATION (Induced Mutation (Mutagens) (:one: Incorporation of base…

- - - - in response
        
        expect similar # of resistant colonies on each plate
        
        same mutation rate and same selection pressure
      - random
        
        expect # to vary considerably btwn tubes
        
        mutation occurs randomly during growth
- - - - Transitions :arrow_right: NOT alter the TYPE of base (purine :arrow_right: purine)
      - Tranversions :arrow_right: alters the TYPE of base (purine :arrow_right: pyrimidine)
    - - :two:Synonymous mutation :arrow_forward: altered codon specifies the same amino acid
      - :one:Missense mutation
        
        conservative:arrow_forward: altered codon specifies a chemically similar amino acid
        
        non-conservative :arrow_forward: chemically dissimilar amino acid
      - :three: Nonsense mutation :arrow_forward: altered codon signals chain termination (STOP)
    - - Spontaneous chemical changes of bases :arrow_right: change their pairing
        
        eg Tautomers
      - Induced chemical changes of bases from external mutagens
      - Errors during DNA replication and repair
    - - :check:Large scale mutation > Point mutation
- - - - Cancer caused by mutation :arrow_right: mutagens can cause cancer
      - Mutagens :arrow_forward: mutagenic following enzymatic conversion** (in liver)