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Anemia (Microcytic anemia (MCV<80) (Anemia of chronic disease -Fe…
Anemia
Microcytic anemia
(MCV<80)
Anemia of chronic disease
-Fe locked away in macrophage
Inflammation
Cancer
Sideroblastic anemia
-↓ protoporphyrin
Congenital
-eg. ALAS deficiency
Acquired
-eg. Alcoholism, lead poisoning, Vit B6 deficiency
Iron deficiency anaemia
↓Fe
Blood loss
-Eg. peptic ulcer disease, menorrhagia, pregnancy, colon polyps/carcinoma, hookworm, malnutrition, malabsorption
Dietary lack
Thalassemia
-↓Globin
Macrocytic anemia
(MCV>100)
Megaloblastic
-Hypersegmented neutrophils
B12 deficiency
Drugs
-eg. PPI, metformin
Crohn disease
Pernicious anemia
Vegan diet
Folate deficiency
↑ demand
eg. pregnancy, cancer, haemolytic anaemia
Folate antagonist drugs, eg. MTX
Poor diet
Others
-No hyperhsegmented neutrophils
Liver disease
Drugs
eg. 5 FU
Alcoholism
Normocytic anemia
(80<MCV<100)
↑ Peripheral Destruction
Normal BM responds by ↑reticulocytes to>3%.
Extravascular hemolysis
Sickle cell anaemia
Hemoglobin C
Hereditary Spherocytosis and Elliptocytosis
AIHA
Intravascular hemolysis
Blood transfusion reaction (ABO incompatible)
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
G6PD deficiency with oxidant stress
↓ Bone marrow production
Pancytopenia
Aplasia
eg. autoimmune, chemotherapy, Viruses (parvovirus, HIV, hepatitis), toxins (eg. benzene)
Infiltration
Eg. leukaemia, myeloma, myelofibrosis
RBC alone
Renal disease (eg. ↓EPO)
Hypothyroidism
Hypogonadism
Pure RBC aplasia