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Psychological Research Methods (Proctor & Capaldi, 2006) (Contemporary…

- - - - intuition & logic
    - - methods can be used in multiple fields
  - - - Lakatos
      - Laudan
      - Giere
        
        kognitif
  - - - 20-21st century
        
        Popper (1902–1994)
        
        falsificationism
        
        hypothesis testing
        
        Schlick (1882–1936) - Vienna Circle
        
        logical positivism
        
        induction as central science
        
        analytic
        
        synthetic (empiric)
        
        metaphysic
        
        Bridgeman (1927)
        
        operationism
        
        operational definition
        
        Kuhn
        
        psychologism & historicism
      - enlightenment
        
        Galileo (1564–1642)
        
        laws of motion
        
        Locke (1632–1704)
        
        tabula rasa
        
        Auguste Comte (1798–1857)
        
        positivism
        
        Newton
        
        induction
        
        Herschel (1792–1871)
        
        context of discovery vs justification
        
        Popper pro vs Kuhn contra
        
        Whewell (1794–1866)
        
        hypothesis
        
        consilience -> supported by various facts (Darwin)
        
        Mill (1806–1873)
        
        predictive theories
        
        explanatory (Alfred Wegener, 1912)
      - ancient
        
        Aristotle (384-322 bce)
        
        causal statements
        
        Democritus (460–370 bce) & Leucippus
        (480–420 bce)
        
        reality behind surface appearance
        
        Mendel (1823–1884)
        
        genotypes of the plants
        
        Pythagoreans (580-500 bce)
        
        mathematics explain reality
- - - - strengths
      - weaknesses
    - - case
      - result
      - rule
  - - - practice
    - - rule in conflict
      - shifting standards
      - rule emphasis
      - vagueness of criteria