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STYLE AND FORM (14C. POETS (Chaucer:
most famous structures = rime royal…
STYLE AND FORM
14C. POETS
Chaucer:
- most famous structures = rime royal or heroic couplet (easier to work with English?)
- courtly diction and metaphors
- appeal to vernacular audience
- modesty topos
- anthology forms: CT, LGW
- Dream vision (Boethian)
Langland:
- alliteration
- Latin quotations (movement b/w clerical/aristocratic and lay audiences)
- macaronic?
Gower:
- anthology-format in CA
- Boethian dream vision frame (but tales encapsulate a whole bunch of diff. genres, e.g., Appolonius of Tyre); sets up romance plot as well (Amans is heartsick)
- classifies his work as the "middle wiei" (both entertaining and didactic); also why he uses vernacular; each tale concluded with a moral
- Structural metaphor: Neb's monster (how will the CA construct history or narrative?)
- phenomenological epistemology (reading practice that invites "experience")
- regular measure and "singing" quality to Gower's work
Pearl-Poet:
- alliteration
- ornate diction that captures the luxury of dreamworlds (appeals to an upper-class audience)
- concatenation (word play, puns)
- bob-and-wheel in Sir Gawain
- structural metaphors: vessels; whale; woodbine; city of jerusalem
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ITALIAN TRADITIONS (see Wallace):
- Boethian dream visions
- translations from Petrarch (but not in the sonnet = hard for English?)
- Boccaccio
15C. POETS
Hoccleve:
- simple diction (compared to Lydgate's aureate style); uses lots of verbal commonplaces
- anthology-form (The Series, Regiment of Princes)
- modesty topos ("fadir Chaucer") > Lawton argues that Hoccleve is being ironic
- relies heavily on dialogue for structure
- translation
- "dull" (Lawton)
Lydgate:
- aureate style (Latinate; speakers to a "golden era" of English verse)
- poetics of amplification (how does this strategy deliver different experiences during reading? e.i., freezes time to create a lyric present)
- Does his form ever embody the materiality of his content?
- modesty topos ("fadir Chaucer")
- translation
- uses iambic pentameter (Troy Book = couplets), but stresses vary
- "broken backed" = lines with a caesura or "void position" at the midpoint
- uses French models and forms
- open when-clause in SOT
- "dull" (Lawton)
-
-
Wyatt:
- Voicing
- Dramatization of the self
- cynical, often plays the victim)
- like Petrarch: giving the self a form of articulated desire
- experience of reading requires a lot of "casting about"
- lyrics are more private (not concerned with public ceremony) but still contain social qualities (sometimes addresses a certain audience or confidant)
- often blames (instead of praises) the woman
-
Early Middle English:
Katherine Group:
- rhythmic, metered(?)
- alliterative
-
South English Legendary
- alliterative
- caesura at the half line?
- structural metaphors: garden; battlefield
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