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3.1 Network Basics (Network Architecture (•Client/Server ((– (ATM) network…
3.1 Network Basics
Network Architecture
•refers to the design of
computers, devices, and media on the
network.
•Peer-to-Peer (P2P)
•A network in which each computer (called peer)
have equal capabilities and responsibilities to
share hardware, data or information with other
computers on the network.
•Each computer stores files on its own storage
devices.
•Suitable for small network where high level
security is not necessary.
•Easy and inexpensive to set up the network.
•More reliable because failure of one peer will
not affect other peers.
•All the peers can share their resources to
others.
•Lack of security control or other management
functions.
•Data recovery or backup is very difficult. Each
computer have to maintain its own backup
system.
•Client/Server
•A network in which one or more computers act as
a server, and the other computers, called client,
request services from the server.
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– (ATM) network
–email service (ex: gmail)
–network printing
–World Wide Web (www)
–Online social network (ex: Facebook)
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•Centralized control by the server promotes better security and management of the network.
•Data backup and recovery is easier since all data is stored in the server.
•High cost to set up and maintain the network.
•Less reliable because too dependent on the server; failure of server will affect the network.
•Network congestion may occur if too many clients request services from server at the same time.
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•Bus Topology
Layout:
•All computers and devices are connected to a single central cable (called bus).
•Terminators are required at both ends of the backbone cable.
Data Transfer:
•Data transmitted on a bus network travels along the bus in both directions.
•If the device address does not match the intended address for the data, the device ignores the data.
•If the data address match the device address, the data is accepted.
Ring Topology
Layout:
•All computers and devices are arranged along a cable that forms a closed loop.
Data Transfer:
•Data transmitted on a ring network travels from one device to another around the entire ring in one direction.
•When a device sends data, the data travels to
each computer on the ring until it reaches its destination.
Star Topology
Layout:
•All computers and devices are connected to a central device
(hub or switch).
•Hub or switch are devices that provide a common central connection point for nodes on the network.
Data Transfer:
•All data that transfers from one node to another passes through the hub or switch.
•The hub takes a signal that comes from any device and passes it togoether devices in the network.
•Local Area Network (LAN) : connects computers and
devices in a small area such as a home, school computer lab, office building or closely located buildings.
-owned by a single organization, such
as school, college, university or company.
-To link computers and to share expensive devices such as laser printer and file server.
•Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) : high-speed network that connects local area networks (LAN) in a metropolitan area such as a city or town.
-managed by a consortium of users or by a single network provider that sells the service to the users.
•Wide Area Network (WAN) : covers a large area
such as a country or the world.
- Involve many types of transmission media
such as telephone lines, cables, or radio
waves.
- WAN can be one large network or can
consist of one or more LANs connected
together.
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