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Character Strength and Virtues (24 Character Strengths (Wisdom &…
Character Strength and Virtues
Development of VIA
VIA: Values in action Project (coordinated by Seligman & Peterson,2004)
"Un-DSM"
Definition
Values -> Actions -> Life
Positive values into actions: Character
positive traits being exercised frequently: Character/Signature Strengths
How to select?
valued moral quality
enhances rather than diminishes other people when expressed
6 Virtues
Wisdom & Knowledge
Cognitive Strengths
Courage
Emotional Strengths that involve accomplishing goals in the face of opposition,external or interna
Humanity
Interpersonal Strength
Justice
Civic strength that underlie healthy community life
Temperance
strength that protect against excess
Transcendence
Strengths that forge connections to the larger universe
and provide meaning
go beyond and rise above the ordinary life
24 Character Strengths
Backbone of perma
Wisdom & Knowledge
Creativity
Practical intelligence
Curiosity
Openness to experience
Open‐mindedness
Critical thinking; Objective analyses
Love of learning
Mastering of new skills
Perspective
Wisdom-– how to live and deal with
life choices; Wise counsel to others
Courage
Bravery
Facing danger despite fear
Perseverance
Persistence; Diligence; Industrious with
flexibility
Honesty
Speak and live in a genuine and authentic way; Real and sincere
Zest
Passionate
Humanity
Love
Intimacy with others; Closeness in relationships
Kindness
Generous; Sympathy; Compassion
Social intelligence
Sensitive to one’s and others’ motives and feelings
Justice
Teamwork
Citizenship; Loyal and dedicated teammate
Fairness
No biases in self‐interest or to others
Leadership
Organize cooperation among members; Acknowledging responsibility in mistakes
Temperance
Forgiveness
Mercy over revenge
Modesty
NOT to be the spotlight or focus
Prudence
Careful in
decision‐making
Self‐regulation
Self‐control on
desires, needs and impulses
Transcendence
Appreciation of beauty and excellence
Wonder the beauty in nature
Gratitude
Thankfulness; Never taking things for granted
Hope
Optimism; Dream of future; Expecting for the best
Humor
Playfulness; Connecting us to life’s absurdities
Spirituality
Strong beliefs on purpose and meaning
Research Findings
Correlation with Well-being
associated with life satisfaction
Hope
Zest
Curiosity
Love
Gratitude
Objectives
Subjective well-being
Life satisfaction
Affect (+/-)
Personality (Big 5)
for academic achievement PERM
A
love
hope
gratitude
perspective
perseverance
for improving relationship closeness PE
R
MA
Love
Gratitude
Patterns related to age and gender
Age
Strongest associations (from18 – 65+)
Curiosity
Love of learning
Fairness
Self-regulation
Forgiveness
Gender
“signature strengths”
open-mindedness
Fairness
curiosity
love of learning
Top 5 of female
kindness
Top 5 of male
Creativity
Structure of Character Strengths
2 dimension
Focus on self VS. Focus on others
Heart(emotion) VS. Mind (thinking)
:star:Strengths Intervention
Signature strengths in a new way (i.e., using one of the top 5 strengths in a new and different way everyday)
Identifying signature strengths(i.e., using the five highest strengths more often)
Results
DV: Long‐term effects of increased happiness and decreased depressive symptoms over six months
Ways of Enhancement
Courage
勇敢
Bravery
Speak up for an unpopular idea in a
group.
Collectstories of bravery in daily
life situations.
堅毅
Perseverance
Attend a workshop on time
management.
Set and complete five small goals
per week.
誠實正直
Honesty
Resist telling lies, no matter how
“small” they are.
Review if your words match your
actions.
熱情
Zest
Notice your energy level when you
have to do a “physical activity” that
is not necessary for you to do.
Improve your sleep quality.
Humanity
去愛和被愛的能力
Love
Engage in a favorite activity with
your loved ones together.
Express your love in different
forms, such as poem, picture,
photo, etc.
仁慈善良
Kindness
Do three random acts of kindness
(such as opening door) to unknown
people per week.
Do small favors for friends or
family members.
社交智慧
Social intelligence
Identify some of your friends who
can show high empathy; and then
observe them closely.
Ask someone close to you about
the times you did not emotionally
understand him or her; and then
think of a few practical steps to
improve your sensitivity in future.
Justice
公民感
Teamwork
Offer help and encouragement to
your teammates.
Engage in friendly competitions
with your peers.
公平公正
Fairness
Encourage everyone’s equal
participation in a group discussion.
Serve an organization for the
unprivileged group of people (like
new immigrants).
領導力
Leadership
Organize a social event for family or
friends.
Mediate an argument between two
people.
Temperance
寬恕
Forgiveness
Understand from the offender’s
side to know why he or she
offended you.
Meet the offender with kind
interactions.
謙遜
Modesty
Resist showing off if you notice that
you are better than others.
Concentrate more on listening
rather than speaking for yourself.
謹慎
Prudence
Think twice before saying or doing
anything.
Remove all distractions (like cell
phone) before you make your
coming 3 important decisions.
自制
Self‐regulation
Eliminate distractions when doing
your particular work.
Control your emotion when you
are upset.
Transcendence
欣賞美麗與卓越
Appreciation of
beauty and excellence
Notice at least one scene of natural
beauty around you (like sunrise,
sunset, trees, etc.)
Admire excellence ofsomeone’s
character strengths.
感恩
Gratitude
Set at least 10 min. per day to recall
any pleasant experiencesfor that
day.
Express thanks without justsaying
“thanks” but with more concrete
appreciation.
希望感
Hope
Recall how you overcame the similar
adversity in the past.
Visualize and plan your future goals.
幽默
Humor
Learn three new jokes per week. Find the funny and lighter side in
reviewing different life situations.
靈性
Spirituality
Ask your loved ones to write your
eulogy (悼詞) to see how they see
your meanings to their lives.
Link your daily actions to your
fundamental purpose of your life.
Wisdom & Knowledge
創造力
Creativity
Use leftovers (such as papers and
food) to make new products.
Look for different and novel ways
to spend more time at your
familiartasks.
好奇心
Curiosity
Visit a place in HK that you’ve never
been there before.
Try a food from a different culture
that you’ve never eaten before.
開放的思維
Open‐mindedness
Think through an issue with
different views(such as pros and
cons).
Learn from or appreciate
someone with differentreligious
backgrounds.
好學
Love of learning
Follow an ongoing topic with
different media and then evaluate
the sources critically.
Learn a skill from your friend who
has a very different interestfrom
you.
洞察力
Perspective
Offer thoughtful advices to
someone in need.
Understand the philosophy
underlying someone wise to you.
Conclusion
Theoretical ideas
Strengths: ground-breaking topic
Limitation: Unclear factorstructure
Possible Solutions: More comprehensive
research
Individual Insights
Strengths:Insights on self‐
enhancement
Limitations: Self-perception bias
Possible Solutions: observer data
Practical values
Strengths:Focus on one’s own
character profile
Limitations: Unclear referencing
Possible Solutions: Other psychological
tests