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Waters (Properties of Water (Solvent of Life (Water is a versatile solvent…
Waters
Properties of Water
Heat Capacity
The specific heat of a substance is the amount of heat required to heat up 1 gram of a substance to change its temperature by 1 degree Celsius.
Water's specific heat capacity, which is 1 calorie/gram/degrees Celsius, allows water to resist changes in its temperature. These minimized fluctuations to certain limits allows life to exist.
The high specific heat capacity can be traced back to water's hydrogen bonds. When heat is absorbed, the bonds break. When heat is released, the bonds form.
Heat vaporization is the heat a liquid must absorb for 1 gram to be converted to a gas. When a liquid evaporates, the surface that it leaves is cooled in a process known as evaporative cooling. This helps stabilize temperatures in organisms and bodies of water.
Ice Floats
Ice floats in water because the hydrogen bonds are more ordered making ice less dense. Water reaches its greatest density at 4 degrees Celsius. If ice sank, then bodies of water would freeze solid making life impossible on Earth.
Tension in Water
Cohesion
The hydrogen bonds help hold water molecules together, a phenomenon known as cohesion. This allows water to fight gravity and travel up through plants.
Adhesion
Adhesion is the attraction between different substances. Water is attracted to plant cell walls which aid in the transportation of water in plants.
Surface Tension
Surface tension is the measure of how hard it is to break the surface of a liquid. If water had no surface tension, even small particles would sink.
Solvent of Life
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When an ionic compound is dissolved in water, each ion is surrounded by a sphere of water known as a hydration shell or solvation shell. They often surround protein and are important to protein activity.
Water can also dissolve nonionic polar molecules. It can even dissolve proteins that have ionic and polar regions
Most biochemical reactions occur in water. Chemical reactions depend on the collision of solutes in aqueous solutions.
Acids and Bases
Ions
Hydrogen atoms in hydrogen bonds can move from one molecule to another. Water is always in a state of dynamic equilibrium and thus water molecules dissociate at the same time they reform.
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In pure water, concentration so of hydroxide and hydronium ions are equal. However, certain solutes break this balance causing the water to become acidic or basic.
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Affinities in Water
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Colloids are groups of fine particles that are too large to dissolve which causes them to be suspended in water. "NOT TOO IMPORTANT"
Polarity of Water
Water is a polar molecule meaning that its opposite ends have opposite charges. This polarity allows it to form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules.
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