Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Behaviorism vs. Cognitivism (Teaching/Classroom Methods (Reinforcements,…
Behaviorism vs. Cognitivism
Early 12th Century --> Theorists
Tolman
Initiated the cognitive movement
Experiment with rats & the mental map
Vygotsky
Zone of Proximal Development
Social Cognitivism
Social learning precedes cognitive development
Piaget
Theory of Cognitive Development
Originally trained as a Biologist
Theories derive from biological concepts
Children actively seek environmental stimulation
Cognitivism Theories
Theory of Cognitive Development
Children actively seek environmental stimulation
Focused on learning within natural sciences
Children use prior experiences/knowledge to understand new experiences
Learners must use assimilation and accommodation to process new information
Tolman's Theory
Motivation is key to transforming expectations into behavior
Theory is seen as a precursor to cognitive psychology
Social Cognitivism
Culture plays a key role in development of cognition
Focuses on the relationship between the individual and society
Instruction in authentic situations
Instruction should lead development
In a classroom, partners should be at different levels of development and should work together to solve the problem at hand
Teaching/Classroom Methods
Scaffolding
Authentic learning
Social interaction
Individualized learning
Exploration
Teaching/Classroom Methods
Reinforcements
Shaping
Chaining
Cues
Fixed ratio schedules
Fixed interval schedules
Applied Behavior Analysis
Early 1900's Theorists
Watson
Objective data
"Little Albert" experiment
Guthrie
One trial learning
Internal and external stimuli
Skinner
Operant behavior
Radical Behaviorism
Reinforcement
Observable stimuli
Behaviors
Respondent Behavior
Studied by Pavlov
Behavior in reaction to a stimulus
Operant Behaviors
Studied by Pavlov
Emitted by an Organism
Reinforcement
Central to Skinner's Behaviorism
Reinforcements = repeated behavior
Positive Reinforcement
Primary Reinforcer
Conditioned Reinforcers
Punishment