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The Criminal Justice System (Concept Map #1) (Types of Crime (Visible…
The Criminal Justice System (Concept Map #1)
Police
Peacekeepers
Apprehension of law violators
Crime Prevention
Social Services
Flow of decision making
Investigation
Arrest
Booking
Courts
Prosecution of accused
Defense of the accused
Preservation of rights
Adjudication
Flow of decision making
Charging
Initial Appearance
Preliminary Hearing/ Grand Jury
Info/ Indictment
Arraignment
Trial
Sentencing
1 more item...
Corrections
Community Corrections
Institutional Corrections
Flow of decision making
Corrections
Release
Criminal Justice Administration
Due Process
Protection of liberty
Individual rights
Adversarial
Innocent until proven guilty
Crime Control
Crime repression
emphasis on ability of LEOs/ courts to find and punish criminals
Assembly-line justice
Disparity vs. Discrimination
Disparity
a difference between groups that can be explained either by legitimate factors, or by discrimination
Discrimination
differential treatment of individuals or groups based on race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, or economic status, instead of on their behavior or qualifications
Types of Crime
Visible
Most common type
Examples: homicide, assault, battery, rape, robbery
Property Crime: theft, larceny, shoplifting, embezzlement, burglary
Violent Crime
Public-Order: public intoxication, panhandling, vandalism
Occupational
Examples: white collar crime, skimming, insider trading, tax evasion, fraud, counterfeit products, money laundering
Organized
Profit through illegal activity
Transnational
Crimes that cross the national boarders
Examples: drug trafficking, smuggling, human trafficking
Victimless
Willing and private exchange of goods or services that are strong in demand, but illegal
Examples: prostitution, gambling, drug use/sales
Political
Acts committed by or against the government for ideological reasons
Examples: terrorism, document leaking, election rigging, treason
Cyber
Examples: phishing schemes, hacking, intimidation/extortion, child pornography
The Crime Picture
Uniform Crime Report (UCR)
Published by the FBI
Voluntary reporting from law enforcement agencies
separates crime into Part I (index offenses) and Part II (other)
29 total crime categories
National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS)
Attempts to correct issues of UCR
Incident based system
46 offenses; 22 crime categories
Contains more detail
National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)
Respondents report victimization in survey, not dependent upon report to police
Adress "hidden" crime or "dark figure" of crime
Victimization
Characteristics
Urban vs. Rural
Socio-Economic Status
Intra-Racial
Relationship between victim and predator
Cost of Crime
Economic: money loss
Psychological: how they fail
Operational: government cost
Victim Advocacy Programs
Guidance through the court process
Support system
Assist