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Crime and The Criminal Justice System (Due Process (Protection of liberty,…
Crime and The Criminal Justice System
Goals
Crime Control
Crime Prevention
Justice
Three Components of the CJC
Police
Peacemaking
Apprehension of Law
Violators
Crime Prevention
Social Services
Courts
Prosecution of accused
Defense of accused
Preservation of Rights
Adjudication
Corrections
Community
Institutional
Due Process
Protection of liberty
Individual Rights
Adversarial
Innocent Until Proven Guilty
Crime Control
Disparity
- difference between groups that can be explains either by legitimate factors or by discrimination
Discrimination
- differential treatment of individuals or groups based on race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation or economic status instead of on their behaviors or qualifications
Defense vs Prosecution
Defense: Protect Rights
Prosecution: Justice is served, Prove Guilty
Types of Crime
Occupational
: White Collar Crime, Skimming, Insider trading, Tax evasion, Fraud, Counterfeit Products, Money Laundering
Organized
: Profit through illegal activities, Maintains through use of threats or force, corruption of public officials, Ties to other crime "types" visible, occupational, transnational and Cyber
Visible Crime
: Homicide, Assault, Battery, Rape, Robbery
Property Crime: Theft, Larceny, Shop lifting, Embezzlement, Burglary
Public Order: Public intoxication, panhandling, Vandalism, Disorderly conduct
Transnational
: Crimes which cross national borders, Drug trafficking, Smuggling, Human Trafficking, Bribery, Extortion, Financial Crimes
Victimless
: Prostitution, Gambling, Drug Sales, Drug Use
Cyber
: Hacking, Intimidation/Extortion, Child Pornography, Phishing Schemes
Who is Victimized?
African American ages 18-20 have the highest Victimization rates.
Victimization Characteristics:
Urban VS Rural (Urban More Victimized), Socio-Economic Status (How much money, Intra-Racial (Same race some color), Relationship between Victim and Perpetrator
Costs of Crime:
Economic (Cost to Victim)
Psychological (effect of crime on victim)
Operational (how much does it cost?)
How do we know what we know?
Uniform Crime Report (UCR)
National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS)
National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)
UCR:
Published by FBi
Voluntary reporting from law enforcement agencies
Separate crimes into part 1 (index offenses ie: Murder, rape, burglary) and Part 2 (others)
NIBRS:
Attempts to correct issues of UCR
Incident based system
Information on specific crimes
MORE details
NOT as used as UCR
NCVS
Respondents report victimization in survey; not dependent upon report to police
Address "hidden" crime or "dark figure" of crime
Study report victimization over time