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renal microanatomy (subdivisions of the kidney by function (cortex (area…
renal microanatomy
subdivisions of the kidney by function
cortex
area of the kidney between the capsule and the medulla
where you find glomerulus
medulla
where the loops of henle are found
renal pelvis:
functions as a funnel for urine flowing to the ureter
3 types of flows in the kidney
tubular flow
urine flow
blood flow
3 renal processes
absorption:
from tubular fluid back to blood
secretion:
from blood to tubular fluid
filtration:
from blood to capsular or tubular fluid
filtration membrane
(negatively charged)
capillary endothelium (have fenestrations)
basement membrane
foot process of podocyte cell of glomerular capsule
functional structures (units)
nephron
glomerulus
(surrounded by Bowman's capsule)
fenestrated capillary:
allows glucose, water, and salt through but not formed elements
podocyte cells
cover glomerular capillaries and
keep large proteins and formed elements from leaving the blood
proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
(fuzzy lumen due to abundant microvilli)
loop of Henle
distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
(clear lumen)
juxtaglomerular apparatus
(JGA): cells are connected via gap junctions
extraglomerular mesangial cells (Lacis):
phyically support glomerular capillaries, assist in communication in JGA
granular cells:
(J cells) myogenic mechanism, baroreceptor (senses change in BP) and release renin
macula densa cells:
chemoreceptor (senses NaCl of tubular fluid due to BP change) to release adenosine
2 types of capillaries
glomerular:
ball of capillary covered by Bowman's capsule
peritubular capillary:
capillary that runs along the conducting tubules and the loop of Henle
2 types of nephrons
cortical nephron:
its loop of Henle doesn't go very deep into the medulla of the kidney
juxtamedullary nephron:
its loop of Henle goes deep into the medulla of the kidney