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POWER : BALANCE OF POWER (TYPES OF POWER: (SMART POWER: (SMART POWER IS…

- - - - BUT INVEST HEAVILY IN ALLAINCES , PARTNERSHIP AND INS
    - - DEVELOPMENT
        DIPLOMACY
        DEFENSDE
  - - - SOFT POWER: REQUIRES MORE TIME TO BUILD - RESULTS OF SOFT POWER CAN BE REALISED IN LONGTIME
    - - SOFT POWER :PLURALISTIC.. CONTROLLED BY CIVIL SOCIETY
    - - SOFT POWER CAN'T BE SO
    - - SOFT POWER IS BETTER
        
        SOFT POWER IS LESS COSTLY
        
        IT CAN HAPPEN SOFT POWER CAN FAI BUT EVEN HARD POWER CAN FAIL
        
        IF STATE ENDEAVOUR TO BUILD HARD POWER THAN MAY PROMPT COILATIONS TO BE FORMED GAINST THE STATE
        
        HARD POWER IS USED , IT GATHER SYMPATHY FOR ENEMY IN INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY
        
        EXCESSIVE USE OF HARD POWER RESULTS INTO DECLINE OF HEGEMONY
        
        MACHIAVILLI ALSO HELD HARD POWER TO USED A MEANS OF LAST RESORT
    - - SOFT POWER ALONE IS NOT DEPENDABLE.. NEGLECT OF HARD POWER CAN RESULT INTO HUGE LOSS
        
        SOFT POWER ALONE DOESN'T WORK
      - ACC. TO CHINMAYE GARE KHAN:
        
        IN BOOK BOLLYWOOD, YOGA, BUTTERCHICKEN
        
        SOFT POWER CAN CREATE ATTRACTION FOR INDIA BUT IT CAN'T COMPEL OTHER STATES TO DO WHAT INDIA WANTS
- - - - SOME SUPPORT FOR SUPPORT FOR SAKE OF STABILTY BUT A UNIPOLAR WORLD IS NOT STABLE
        
        BECOZ:
        
        FREE RIDERS WILL GET OPPORTUNITY TO DEVELOP.. THIS WILL CHALLENGE HEGEMON
        
        HEGEMON WILL OVERSTRECH.. UNILATERAL ACTION.. WHICH WILL RESULT IN LOSS OF HEGEMONY.. DESTROYED BY HEGEMON ITSELF
        
        PROVIDES OTHER COUNTRIES TO DEVELOP NUKES
    - - MOST STABLE HENCE PREFERBLE
      - ADDRESSES ANARCHY TO LARGE EXTENT: ESTD. RULE OF LAW IN SPHERRE OF SUPERPOWER
      - ONLY TWO SUPERPOWER SO STABLE ALLAINCES
      - B.O.P LOST RELEVANCE AS STATES ARE REDUCED TO SATELIITE
        
        IN BIPOAR WPRLD IT IS BETTER TO BANDWAGON RATHER THAN BALANCING
    - - MULTIPOLARITY IS ALSO NOT GOOD FOR STABILITY" AS:
        
        IT RESULT IN UNCERTAINITY
        
        SHIFTING ALLAINCE
        
        FREQUENT WARS
- - - - BOP IS FUNDAMENTAL LAW OF I.P USED LIKE NEWTON'S LAW OF GRAVITATION
      - ACC. TO DAVID HUME: B.O.P IS COMMEN SENSE B.O.P WILL REMAIN TILL THE COMMEN SENSE WILL PREVAIL
      - BOP BASED ON WESTPHALIAN MODEL
        PROTECTING SOVERIGNITY AND INDEPENDENCE
        : OPERATES ON REGIONAL LEVEL,
        IMPRACTICAL TO THINK B.O.P AT GLOBAL LEVEL
      - TREATY OF UTRECHT 1713 GAVE FORMAL RECOGNITION TO BOP
        BRITISH FOREIGN POLICY HAS DEVELOPED EXCELLANCE IN B.O.P
      - NO STATE IS ALLOWED TO BE HEGEMONIC
        
        THEORY SUGGEST THAT SECURITY IS GUARENTEED SO LONG IS B.O.P IS MAINTAINED
        
        STATE ARE EVEN READY TO GO FOR WAR
      - TECHNIQUES OF B.O.P
        
        INTERNAL BALNCING: COUNTRY DEVELOPING OWN CAPACITY
        
        EXTERNAL BALANCING: FORMING ALLAINCES
      - METHOS EMOPLOYED BY EUROPEAN NATIONS TO IMPLEMENT B.O.P
        
        ARMAMENT
        
        PARTIONING OF TERRITORY
        
        CREATION OF BUFFER STATE
        
        FORCING REIPARATION
        
        DEMILITARIZATION
      - RELEVANCE OF B.O.P
        
        NEHRU WAS CRITIQUE OF BOP
        
        HE HELD THAT BOP PROVIDES NERVOUS STATE OF STATE
        HENCE NEHRU SUPPORTED COLLECTIVE SECURITY
        
        BIPOLAR WORLD REDUCED SCOPE OF BOP
        
        BOP IS NOT RELEVANT IS NUCLEAR STATE
        
        TRADITIONAL TECHNIQUES OF BOP WILL NOT WORK
        
        ACC. TO ARNOLD WOLFER
        
        DURING COLD WAR A NEW TYPE OF BALANCE HAS EMERGED .. HE TERMED IT AS BALANCE OF TERROR
        
        NUCLEAR BALANCE LEADS TO NUCLEAR ARMS RACE WHICH WORKS ON DOCTRINE OF MUTUALLY ASSURED DESTRUCTION
        
        IN POST COLD WAR WORLD:
        
        BECOMES REDUNDANT:
        
        NON-CONVENTIONAL SECURITY THREATS: NON STATE ACTORS: TERRORIST GROUPS
        
        GROWTH OF COMPLEX INTERDEPENDENCE
        
        UNIPOLAR WORLD
        
        BUT REALIST HAS INNOVATED
        SOFT BALANCING IN POST COLD WAR WORLD
        
        SOFT BALANCING: MEANS SOFT OPPOSITION TO POLICIES OF SINGLE SUPERPOWER
        FOR EG: POLTITCAL BALANCING : FORMATION OF RCEP GAINST TPP
        CHINA'S OBOR AGAINST USA
        USA'S ASIA TO PIVOT POLICING IS REBALANCING RISE OF CHINA
        
        THOUGH HARD BALANCING(LIKE ARMS RACE) IS ALSO GOING ON
        
        IN REGION OF MIDDLE EAST, SOUTH ASIA ETC.
        
        CONCLUSION: BOP: POWER POLITICS WILL OPERATE IN ONE FORM OR THE OTHER .. IF NOT IN ITS IDEAL STATE