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Module Concept Map for First Exam (Chapter 2: Crime & Causation (Due…
Module Concept Map for First Exam
Chapter 1:The Criminal Justice System
The three Components of the criminal justice system
Corrections
Community corrections/prisons/parole
Courts
Defense of the accused
Police
Crime prevention, "peace keeping", apprehension of law violators
Police Entrance
Investigation
Arrest
Booking
Court Process
Booking
Initial appearance
Preliminary
Information/indictment
Arraignment
Trial
Sentencing
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Most of corrections are at state level
Chapter 2: Crime & Causation
Due Process VS Crime Control
Due Process
Prosecution is to prove guilt
Protection of liberty individual rights adversarial innocent until proven guilty.
Crime Control
Crime repression: Emphasis on ability of law enforcement officer (LEO)/courts to find and punish criminals, assembly line justice
Resolve/prevent criminal activity
Disparity
A difference between groups that can be explained either by legitimate factors, or by discrimination
Discrimination:
differential treatment of individuals/groups based on race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, or economic status instead of the behavior/qualifications.
Types of Crime
Visible:
"Street Crime" or "Ordinary crime". I.E. Shoplifting or homicide
Violent Crimes:
acts against people in which are death or physical injury
Property Crimes:
Acts that threaten property held by individuals or by the state
Public-Order Crimes:
Acts that threaten the general well-being of society and challenge accepted moral principles.
Occupational Crimes:
Committed in the context of a legal business or profession
Organized Crime:
The framework within which such acts are committed.
Transnational Crime:
Profit seeking criminal activities that involve planning or execution across national boarders.
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The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)
An annually published statistical summary of crimes reported to the police, based on voluntary reports to the FBI by local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies.
The National Crime Victimization Surveys (NCVS):
Interviews of samples of the US population conducted by the Bureau of Justice Statistics to determine the number and types of criminal victimization and thus the extent of unreported as well as reported crime.
Chapter 3: Criminal Justice and the Rule of Law
Justification Defenses, which focus on whether the individual's action was socially acceptable under the circumstances despite causing a harm
Comprehensive Crime Control Act:
1984. Changed the federal rules on the insanity defense by limiting it to those who are unable (handicapped in anyway) to understand the nature of wrongfllness of their acts.
Bill of Rights and the Fourteenth Amendment:
First 10 amendments added to the US Constitution to prove specific rights for individuals, including criminal justice rights concerning searches, trials, and punishments.
The Fifth Amendment: Protection against Self-Incrimination and Double Jeopardy:
Protects against double jeopardy.