Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
phonetics (Aims to scientifically describe all sounds in all languages…
phonetics
Aims to scientifically describe all sounds in all languages
Acoustic phonetics
Articulatory phonetics!
Acoustic phonetics
the individual sounds and how to to make them
All languages, though different, are constrained by what is possible with the human vocal apparatus
Orthography ≠ Phonetics
IPA
How are speech sounds created?
(Articulatory phonetics)
CONSONANTS
classified by position in vocal tract where airflow is constricted
Voicing
voiced
vocal folds are held tightly together, airstream forces its way between them causing vibration
voiceless
vocal folds are held tightly together, airstream forces its way between them causing vibration
aspirated
unaspirated
Manner of articulation
stop
How air is channeled through vocal tract
nasal and oral
nasal
fricative
affricative
approximant
Place of articulation
palatal
velar
postalveolar
alveolar
dental
labiodental
glottal
bilabial
vowel
Long or short
Pitch and loudness
Can stand alone
articulatory features
Diphthongs
Vowel has gliding movement during production
ie: ear, here,
Nasalised vowels
Raise or lower velum for oral vs nasal vowels
monophthongs
Can be prolonged with no change in tongue position
beet, beat, we, see, sea
Vowel length
Duration of vowel creates meaningful contrast between minimal pairs
Prosodic features
pitch
The faster the vocal folds vibrate the higher the pitch
loudness
length
whacya doin?
stress
Syllables can be louder/quieter, higher/lower in pitch, longer in duration
lips
tongue
length
tone and intonation