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The Origins of the Industrial Revolution (The Agricultural Revolution…
The Origins of the Industrial Revolution
The Agricultural Revolution
Enclosure movement
: practice of fencing or enclosing common lands into individual holdings
reached its height when growing population increased the demand and raised prices in agricultural products in Britain in the 1800s.
large landowners forced small farmers to become tenant farmers or to leave to the cities. Farmers could experiment without having to ask for consent of other villagers.
Jethro Tull
seed drill-plant seeds in regular rows
horse-drawn hoe: uproot the weeds between rows and broke up the soil
Charles Townshend
Crop rotation: alternating differesnt kinds of crops to preserve soil fertility
Jethro wood-rion plow
: made it with standard parts so that it could be cheaper and easily fixed
Factors of Production
Basic resources necessary for the industrialization such as land, cappital and labor
CAPITAL
: money and goods such as tools, machinery, equipment and inventory
LABOR
: industrial workers ((population and migration fueld it)
LAND
: all natural resources Britain had in abundant supply (coal, iron ore)
Great britain had the most strongest Merchant Fleet and Navy
The Texile Industry
MECHANIZATION
: use of automatic machinery to increase production
Domestic system
: method of production in which work is done in home rather than in a shop or factory
Loom
: made weaving proces faster.
John Kay-flynig shuttle
: moved the thread rapidly=weaving process
James Hargreaves-Spinning Jenny
: could produce 8 times as much thread as a single spinning wheel
Richard Arkwright-water frame
: improved spinning jenny and used water as a power source.
Samuel Crompton-spinning mule
: combination of jenny and the water frame that improved thread
Edmund Cartwright-power loom
: made 200 hand-loom operators work faster (powered with water
Eli Whitney-cotton gin
: made the proces of cleaning the cotton much easier
Factory system
: production of goods in a factory through the use of machines and a large number of workers
Steam Engines
Thomas Newcomen-steam engine
: became the new MAIN source of power
James Watt-watt engine
: improved Newcomen´s engine so it became a more effective power source
Iron and Steel
William Kelly and henry Bessemer-Bessemer process
method of making steel that involves the forcing of air through molten iron to burn off carbon and other impurities (cheaper)
Industrialization in Other Fields
Charles Goodyear-vulcanizing
: method of curing rubber to make it easier to use.
Transportation
John McAdam-McAdam roads
: served as a model and improved traveling conditions.
selected small rocks filled the space between larger rocks
George Stephenson
-perfected a steam-propelled moving engine (
locomotive
: mean of transportation) using railroads ¨the Rocket¨
Robert Fulton-clermont
: first steam-propelled ship. It became the faster way to travel through sea (steamboat)
Samuel Cunard
- Cunard line shipping company: moved goods all over the world in less time and for less money than ever before
The Communications Revolution
Alessandro Volta-first abttery
:steady electric current
André Ampére-electric current
: worked out principles governing the magnetic effect of an electric current
Samuel Morse-Telegraph-Morse code
: system of communication through dots and dashes
Cyrus Field-cable across the Atlantic ocean
: connected all the continents
The Spread of Industry
Cyrus McCormick-McCormick reaper
:machine for harvesting grain