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Geomorphology - Fluvial (Features - Drainage Basin : (Confluence,…
Geomorphology - Fluvial
Features - Drainage Basin :
Confluence
Interfluves
Tributaries
Source
River Network
Mouth
Watershed
Factors Affecting Drainage Density:
Rock Type
Soil Moisture
Soil Type
Vegetation
Relief
Rainfall
Land use
Types of Rivers:
Periodic
Episodic
Permanent
Exotic
Drainage Patterns:
Centripetal
Dendritic
Rectangular
Parallel
Trellis
Deranged
Radial
Drainage Density
High
Low
Flood Hydrographs - Terms:
Baseflow
Lag Time
Rising Limb
Rainfall Peak
Falling Limb
Discharge Volume
Shape of Drainage Basin:
Pear
Inverted-Pear
Longitudinal
Complex
Circular
Discharge Flow:
Laminar
Turbulent
Flow Speeds
Straight channel
Middle of body of water
Meandering river
Highest towards outer bank
River Profiles:
Longitudinal
Cross-Porifle
Fluvial Landforms:
Upper Course:
Rapids
Waterfalls
Middle Course:
Meandering Channel Pattern
Alluvial Fans
Lower Course:
Natural Levees
Braided Streams
Flood Plains
Meanders
Oxbow Lakes
Meander Scar
Near Mouth:
Deltas
River Grading:
Overgraded
Undergraded
Rejuvenation of Rivers:
Rejuvinated receives additional energy
Ageing river loses energy
Process:
River has increased energy (vertical erosion)
Steep drop
Base level altered
Landforms
Incised meanders
Knick Point
River terraces
River Capture:
Process:
Captured river flows into lower-lying area
Captor river gets rejuvenated
Energetic river erodes through watershed > captures slow river
Features:
Elbow of capture
Wind Gap
Misfit Stream
Knick Point Waterfall
Captive Stream
Captor Stream
Abstraction:
Faster river erodes through watershed > capturing other river
Superimposed and Antecedent Rivers:
Preserving Quality of Catchment Areas:
Water transfer
Managing groundwater supplies
Removing alien plants
Recycling Water
Conserving Wetlands
Preserving Vegetation
Impact of People:
Eutrophication
Reduced Water Security
Siltation
Ways to reduce impact:
Limit disposal of chemicals
Pollution