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REALIST THORY OF I.P (CLASSICAL REALISM(MORGENTHU) (BASIS OF I.P AS…

- - - - SO HE SUGGESTED USA TO BE BEING VICTOR IN WW2 .. IT IS NATURAL THAT VICTOR TURN MAGNIMOUS(BASIS OF MARSHALL PLAN)
  - - - LIKE ALL POLITICS., I.P IS ALSO REFLECTION OF HUMAN NATURE
        
        MAN IS POWER SEEKING ANIMAL
        HENCE ALL STATES ARE POWER SEEKING
    - - LIKE HUMAN BEINGS ARE CONCERNED WITH SELF INTEREST
        THE MOTIVATION OF STATE'S ACTION IS NATIONAL INTEREST
        NATIONAL INTEST IN TERMS OF POWER
    - - DYANMIC CONCEPT: NO PERMANENT ENEMY AND NO PERMANENT FRIEND
    - - STATE NEED NOT TO THINK ABOUT ITS ACTION BEING UNIVERSALLY CORRECT
        
        THAY HAVE TO THINK WHETHER THEY ARE CORRECT IN GIVEN CONTEXT
        PRAGMATISM IS CRITERIA OF POLITICAL MORALITY
    - - DON'T PLAY ANY ROLE IN I.P
    - - POLITICS IS AUTONOMUS.. IT IS NEITHER LAW NOR ETHICS NOR ECONOMICS
  - - - BALANCE OF POWER
      - DIPLOMACY
  - - - MORGENTHU'S THEORY SUFFERS FROM POWERMONISM
    - - MORGENTHU'S THEORY IS NOT SCIENTIFC
        
        AS SCIENTIFIC THEORY CAN'T BE BASED HUMAN NATURE
      - THEORY IS NOT FULLY EMPEICAL OR LOGICAL: ITS JUST PRESCRIPTION TO AMERICAN POLICY MAKERS
    - - REVISED 6 PRINCIPL'S GIVEN BY MORGENTHU
        
        ON HUMAN NATURE:
        
        MOR VIEW OF HUMAN NATURE IS NOT OBJECTIVE
        
        HIS VIEW IS MASCULANIST VIEW OF HUMAN NATURE(POWER SEEKING MAN)
        
        SO HOW CAN WE SAY HIS LAW OF POLITICS BE OBJECTIVE
        
        NATIONAL INTERST:
        
        MORGENTHU DEFINED: NATIONAL INTEREST IN TERMS OF NATIONAL SECURITY
        BUT DOESN'T TALK ABOUT HUMAN SECURITY
        
        POWER:
        
        MOR. CONEPTION IS NARROW
        POWER IS NOT FOR DOMINATION BUT CAN BE ALSO UTILISED FOR COLLECTIVE EMPOWERMENT
        
        ETHICS
        
        POLITICAL ACTIONS SHOULDN'T BE MADE FREE FROM MORAL STANDARDS
        WE CAN'T ABSOLVE POLITICIAN FROM THE MORAL CINSEQUENCES OF THEIR ACTIONS
        
        UNIVERSAL MORAL PRINCIPLE
        
        IT IS WRONG TO SAY THAT NO UNIVERSAL MORAL APPLIES TO CONDUCT OF STATE
        
        MORAL PRINCIPLE DO EXIST : W/O WHICH SURVIAVL OF HUMANITY IS NOT POSSIBLE
- - - - HELD THAT HUMAN NATURE IS POWER SEEKING..
        
        ACC. TO HIM CONSIDERATIONS OF RIGHT AND WRONG ARE NEVER STRONG ENOUGH TO TURN PEOPLE AWAY FROM BENEFITS WHICH POWER BRINGS
      - WAR IS RECURRENT FEATURE OF I.P
        
        BECOZ LIKE HUMAN , STATE IS ALSO POWER SEEKING...
        BUT WHEN STATE INCREASES POWER.. IT DISTRUBS THE POWER BALANCE
        
        THIS RESULTS IN THUCIDIDIOUS TRAP
      - WAR IS INEVITABLE B/W REVISIONIST POWER AND STATUS QUOIST POWER
        
        REVISIONIST POWER:
        
        STATE WHICH HAS NEWLY ACCQUIRED POWER
        
        ONCE ACCQUIRED POWER IT WOULD LIKE TO REVISE THE RULES OF THE GAME TO ITS BENEFIT
        
        STATUS QUOIST:POWER
        
        THE ABOVE ACTION OF REVIONIST STATE WILL MAKE HEGEMON INSECURE.. AND HEGE. WILL FAVOUR STATUS QUO..
        
        IN CYCLE REPEATS TILL WAR IS HAPPENED
        
        CHINA : REVISIONIST POWER
        USA: STATUS QUOIST POWER
        
        DURING COLD WAR THERE WAS NO THUCIDIDIOUS TRAP:
        
        AS AT THAT TIME THERE NO ESTD. HEGEMON
    - - MATTER IS POWER RATHER THAN APPEAL TO JUSTICE : EVEN GOD DOESN'T HELP ONLY SELF HELP WORKS
  - - - SUPREMACY OF THE STATE: "RAISON DE STAAT"
        
        ANY ACTION IS ACCEPTABLE
        IF IT IS DONE FOR PEACE, PROGRESS AND STABILITY OF THE STATE
        
        RAISON DE STAAT TERMED REAPPEARED IN FORM OF REALPOLITIK(USED TO DENOTE BISMARK'S POLICY OF EXPEDIENCY()PRACTICALITY) IN 19TH CENTURY
      - SEPERATION B/W ETHICS AND POLITICS
        
        US FOREIGN POLICY ALSO INFLUENCED BY MACHIAVILLI
  - - - HOBBES HELD THAT IN STATE OF NATURE THERE IS ANARCHY... AND PEOPLE FACE SECURITY DILEMMA
        
        SIMILARLY THERE IS ANARCHY IN INTERNATIONAL POLITICS AND NATIONS FACE SECURITY DILEMMA WHICH IS CAUSES OF POWER STRUGGLE
- - - - FUNDAMENTAL FEATURE OF REALISM ARE:
        
        STATISM
        
        SELF HELP
        
        ANARCHY
        
        SECURITY DILEMMA
        
        POWER VIEW OF POLITICS