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IDEALIST THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL POLITICS (4TH PHASE : END OF COLD WAR…
IDEALIST THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL POLITICS
INTRODUCTION:
INTERNATIONAL POLITICS CHANGED AFTER END OF COLD WAR
EARLIER :
POLITICS AMONG NATIONS... STATE CENTRIC GEOPOLITICS
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AFTER:
I.P CHANGED TO GLOBAL POLITICS:
PLUARLISTIC CONCEPT.....
GEOCENTIC:(REG. ORG., STATE, NON- STATE , CIVIL SOCEITY ETC) GEOPOLITICS
AFTER COLD WAR
STATE-CENTRIC GEOPLOITICS
CHANGED TO
GEO-CENTRIC GEOPOLOTICS
INTERNATIONAL POLITICS CLAIMED BY AMERICAN POL. SCIENTIST: AS AMERICAN SOCIAL SCIENCE
SCHOOLS OF I,P (THEORIES OF I.P)
IDEALIST SCHOOL
REALIST SCHOOL
MARXIST SCHHOL
OTHERE: LIKE POST MODERN, CRITICAL, FEMINISM
IDEALIST SCHOOL: 1ST PHASE
DEVELOPED IN RESPONSE TO WW1... WITH THE OBJECTIVE TO PRODUCE THE THEORIES AND IDEAS TO AVOID WAR & TO ESTD. PEACE ON PERMANENT BASIS
FORMER US PREZ
WOODROW WILSON
WAS ONE SUCH EXPONENT:
GAVE FAMOUS 14 POINT SPEECH.. WHOSE MAIN POINT WERE...
PROMOTION OF DEMOCRACY
PROMOTION OF FREE TRADE
ENSURING FREEDOM OF NAVIGATION
ESTD. LEAGUE OF NATIONS
REPLACING BALANCE OF POWER WITH COLLECTIVE SECURITY
THESE BECAME FUNDAMENTALS OF US FORIEGN POLICY AND PILLARS OF LIBERAL WORLD ORDER
(WILSON CALLED IT NEW WORLD ORDER)
WHAT WAS OLD WORLD ORDER:?
WESTPHALIAN WORLD ORDER: POLITICS AMONG NATION(EUROPEAN CONCEPT)
BASIC FEATURE OF WESTPHALISN WORLD ORDER
TREATY OF WESTPHALIA:N RECOGNISED SOVERIGIN STATE
UNITS OF I.P WERE SOVERIGN NATION STATES
MOST IMP. OBJECTIVE OF FORIEGN POILCY:
PROTECTION OF SOVERIGNITY AND TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY
LIKE PANCHSHEEL BASED ON WESTPHALIN WORLD ORDER
SINCE NATION STATES WAS SOVERIGN: THERE WAS NO AUTHORITY
HENCE I.P WAS IN A STATE OF ANARCHY(HERE IT DOESN'T MEAN LAWLESSNESS BUT ABSENCE OF WORLD GOVERNANCE)
SINCE I.P WAS IN ANARCHY :
SO POWER WAS MEANS POWER WAS END
ALL STATES CONTINOUSLY GONE FOR INCRESING POWER(POWER A ZERO SUM GAME)
NO PERMANENT ENEMY NO PERMANENT FRIEND
: STATES WERE IN STATE OF CONSISTENT COLLISION
CONEPTUAL DIAGRAM: I.P OF OLD WORLD ORDER NAD NWO
OLD W.O: BILLIARD BALL MODEL.. GIVEN BY JOHN BURTON
NWO: COB-WEB MODEL(LIKE A SPIDER'S WEB).. GIVEN BY: ARNOLD WLFERS
NETWORK OF RELATIONS: NO SINGLE GATEWAY
ALSO ONE FUNADMENTAL DIFRENCE B/W OWO AND NWO:
OWO: BALANCE OF POWER
IT WAS ASSUMED THAT PEACE WILL PREVAIL SO LONG AS BALANCE OF POWER IS MAINTAINED
ALSO BELIEVED THAT THE WAY TO PROTECT THE SOVERIGNITY AND TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY IS THROUGH BALANCE OF POWER
BUT IT WAS BALANCE PO POWER THAT HAS CAUSED LOCAL WAR BECOMING A WORLD WAR
NWO:COLLECTIVE SECURITY:
SO WOODROW WILSON PROPOSESW COLLECTIVE SECURITY: IN FORM OF LEAQUE OF NATIONS
2ND PHASE: INTER WAR PERIOD
LEAGUE OF NATIONS CAME INTO EXITENCE BUT FAILED: WITHIN 20 YEARS IT COLLAPSED AND EUROPE WITNESSED WW2
HENCE WOODROW WILSON AND OTHERS WERE CALLED IDEALIST
IDEALIST BELIEVED THAT:
PEACE IS POSSIBLE AMONG STATES AND WAR IS NOT A ESSENTIAL ASPECT OF RELATIONS AMONG NATIOINS
WHO ARE REALIST THEN?
REALIST BELIEVE THAT POWER AND WAR IS INEVITABLE FEATURE OF I.P
AND PEACE CAN BE ENSURED ONLTY THROUGH POWER
FOR THEM STATES ARE EITHER AT WAR OR AT PREPARATION OF WAR
3RD PHASE:
AFTER END OF 2ND WW: THEN US PREZ. GAVE ANOTHER VIEW OF NEW WORLD ORDER BASED ON INTERWAR PERIOD
SUGGESTED NWO BASED ON NEW INS.
VIZ: WORLD BANK
IMF
GATT
HOWEVER IT WAS CHALLENGED BY:
COMMUNIST BLOC: USSR
NAM
FROM WW2 TILL DISINTEGRATION OF USSR WORLD REMAINED A BIPOLAR WORLD
OR COLD WAR WORLD ORDER
4TH PHASE : END OF COLD WAR
US PREZ H.W BUSH PROCLAIMED NEW WORD ORDER(VICTORY OF LIBERAL WORLD ORDER)
FRANCIS FUKUYAMA: DESCRIBED MOMENT AS END OF HISTORY
BUT LIBERAL WORLD ORDER HASN'T REMAINED UNCHALLENGED
WITHIN 10 YEARS: LWO WAS CHALLENGED BY NON- STATE ACTORS
SINCE 2008 WESTERN DOMINATED WORLD ORDER IS IN CRISIS : EUROZONE CRISIS
FARID ZAKARIA:DESCRIBED PRESENT WORLD ORDER IS POST AMERICAN
HE POINTS OUT
DECLINE OF WEST AND RISE OF REST
TODAY WORLD ORDER IS DEFINED THROUGH CONCEPTS LIKE COB-WEB MODEL OR COMPLEX INTERDEPENDENCE