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INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM (Barrier Defenses (Mechanical (Flow of air or fluid…
INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM
Barrier Defenses
Chemical
Skin
fatty acids
B-defensins
lamellar bodies
secretory
Cathelicidin
antimicrobial proteins
Gut
Enzymes/pepsin
breaks down proteins
a-defensins &
Cathelicidins
low pH
not much can survive in that environment
Lungs
Pulmonary surfactant
think: mucus for lungs
a-defensins &
Cathelicidins
Eyes/Nose/Mouth
Histatins
B-defensins
Enzymes in tears and saliva
create a sticky environment in which to trap microorganisms
Microbiological
normal flora
Mechanical
Tight junctions in epithelia
Flow of air or fluid
skin & gut
Tears & cilia
Eyes & Nose
Mucus & Cilia
lungs
Physical barrier
Innate Cells
Recognition Molecules
Pattern Recognition Receptors
recognizes what is
NOT
self
specific for common/conserved structures on microbes
ID parts of antigen that are vital to the virulence of said antigen
Types
C-type Lectin Receptors
Rig-I-like Receptors (RLRs)
NOD-like Receptors (NLRs)
Cytoplasmic DNA sensors (CDS)
Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs)
Location
cell surface
to detect stuff outside
Cytoplasm
to detect stuff inside (virus/bacteria)
Endosomes
Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns
Gram - Bacteria: lipopolysaccharides a common and necessary features
Other PAMP recognizing components
complement
mannose binding lectin
C-reactive protein
can be a variety of stuff
Amino Acids
ssRNA, dsRNA
virus
CpG
virus/bacteria
Proteins
Pilin & flagellin
Bacteria
Carbs
Mannan & Glucans
fungi & Bacteria
Cell wall lipids
lipopolysaccharides
gram (-)
lipoteichoic acid
gram (+)
DAMPS
Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns
when cell undergoes necrosis
think: if it made contact with organelles, cleaved ECM, nuclear proteins
steps after recognition
Defense Mechanisms