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GLOBALISATION (INTRODUCTION: (BUT GLOBALISATION IS DEBATEBLE CONCEPT BECOZ…

- - - - THERE IS DEMOCRATIC DEFICIT AND THE MANNER IN WHICH PRESENT GLOBALISATION IS MANAGED*
      - HELD THAT BIGGEST CHALLENGE IS HOW TO PRODUCE A MODEL OF GLOBALIZATION WHICH IS IN INTEREST OF ALL COUNTRIES
    - - LIKE INDIAN CIVILIZATION AND SCHOLARS HAVE BEEN PUSHING FOR A:
        
        COSMOPOLITAN WAY OF LIFE BASED ON IDEAL OF VASHIDHAVA KUTAMBAKAM NAD SARVE BHAVANTU SUKHIN
- - - - THE SCALE OF INTERACTION B/W SOCIETIES IS UNPRECEDENTED WHICH LEAD TO EMEGENCE OF GLOBAL CULTURE
      - GLOBALISATION HAS BECOME PART OF OUR LIVES:
        
        LIKE FOOD , MUSIC, CLOTHES AND IDEAS ARE OF GLOBAL CONNOTATIONS
      - ACC.TO BILL CLINTON:
        
        WE MUST EMBRACE THE INEXORABLE LOGIC OF GLOBALIZATION ... GLOBALIZATION IS IRREVERSIBLE
    - - MARXIST SCHOLARS:
        
        LIKE HIRST AND THOMSON HELD THAT:
        
        GLOBALIZATION IS NOTHING BUT JUST A BUZZWORD FOR OLD CAPITALIST EXPLIOTATION
        
        THE RHETORIC IS TO MAKE IT MORE ACCEPTABLE
        
        IMMANUEL WOLLERSTEIN:
        
        WHAT(GLOBALIZATION) IS HAPPENING IS NOTHING NEW , ITS ORIGIN GOES BACK TO BEGING CAPITALISM
        
        HELD THAT MUCH OF GLOBAL TRADE REMAINS CONCENTRATED
        
        IN 3 BLOCS:
        NAFTA
        EU
        YEN BLOC
        
        THERE IS GROWTH OF
        
        REGIONALISJM
        PROTECTIONALSIM
        NATIONALISM
        
        MARX HIMSELF HELD
        
        THE IMPERATIVES OF CAPITALIST MODE OF PRODUCTION .. WILL FORCE BOURGEOISE TO NESTLE EVERY WHERE AND SETTLE EVERYWHERE
      - ACC. TO PRATAP BHANU MEHTA:
        
        GLOBALISATION IS AT ITS BEST ETHICAL PULSE
        
        IT CREATES AN IMAGINATION ABOUT THE ENORMOUS POSSIBILTY OF HUMAN SOCIETY AT ITS BEST
        
        GLOBALISATION IS AT ITS WORST AS
        ELITES LOOKING FOR NEW PASTURES
        
        GLOBALISATION HAS GIVEN RISE TO PLUTOCRACY
  - - - HENCE MORE RELEVANT QUESTION IS CONSEQUENCES OF GLOB.
    - - JAGDISH BAGWATI:
        
        WROTE " IN DEFENSE OF GLOBALISATION"
        
        PROVIDED STRONGEST DEFENCE OF GLOB. WITH QUANTIFIBLE DATA
        
        HELD THAT THOSE WHO OPPOSE GLOBALISATION ARE NOT ECONOMIST BUT ARE PSYCHATARIST
        
        HELD THAT GLOB. HAS BROUGHT RATE OF GROWTH TO POOR COUNTRIES NAD POOR PEOPLE
        
        GROWTH IS TRICKLING DOWN TO POOR COUNTRIES
        
        HOWEVER HE HELD THAT IN ITSELF IS NOT GOOD
        
        IT REQUIRES VARIRTY OF STEPS FOR GLO. TO REACH ITS LOGICAL END(GOAL)
        
        GLOBALISATION IF PROPRLY GOVERNEED IS THE MOST POWERFUL FORCE TO ACHIEVE : SOCIAL GOOD
      - GIVES FOLLOWING DATA IN SUPPORT OF THE GLOB.
        
        POVERTY: % OF PEOPLE LIVING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES BELOW SINGLE US DOLLAR PER DAY HAS BECOME HALF IN ONLY 20 YEARS
        
        LIFE EXPECTACY IN DEVELOPING WORLD : DOUBLED
        
        CHILD MORTALITY:DECRESED IN EVERY REGION OF DEVELOPING WORLD
        
        GLOBAL LITERACY 59% IN 1970 RISE TO 80% IN 2007:
        
        DEMOCRACY: INCREASED DRAMATICALLY IN TERMS OF NO.
    - - PRESENT STATUS OF GLOBALIZATION:
        
        GLOBALISATION IS PASSING THROUGH PINCER MOMENT(ATTACKED FROM ALL SIDES) AND IS ABOUT TO REACH ITS NEMEISIS
        
        IN G 20 SUBMIT 2016,
        
        CHINA RECOGNISED THAT GLOBALISATION IS NOT MOVING THROUGH OPTIMISTIC PHASE
        
        THERE IS A NEED TO IMPROVE GLOBAL ECONOMIC GOVERNANCE AND APPEALED FOR GREATER OPENNESS
        
        G-20 SUBMITT , GERMANY
        
        GERMANY BROUGHT APPROACH PAPER WHICH HIGHLIGHTED:
        
        STRENGTHING ECONOMIC RESELIENCE: AS GLOBAL ECONOMIC GROWTH REMAINS WEAK
        
        PROGRESS IN IMPLEMENTING SDG
        
        ADDRESSING DISPLACEMNT AND MIGRATION
        
        IMPROVIMG FOOD SECURITY AND INTENSIFYING PARTNERSHIP WITH AFRICA
        
        THIS SHOWS SHORTCOMING OF PRESENT MODEL OF GLOBALISATION
      - IMMANUEL WOLLERSTEIN
        
        GAVE WORLD SYSTEM THEORY
        
        HELD THAT PRESENT GLOBALISATION IS CONTINUATION OF OLD ACCUMULATION OF CAPITAL: DONE BY RICH IN CORE COUNTRIES
        
        BUT TODY GLOBALISATION HAS REACHED ITS DEAD END
        
        KIND OF CRISIS GLOBALISATION IS GOING THROUGH CAN'T BE SLOVED BY EXPLIOTING NEW MARKETS
        
        THE CURRENT IDEOLOGICAL CELEBRATION OF GLOBALISATION : IS IN REALITY
        "SWAN SONG(ITS LAST PERFORMANCE)" OF OUR HISTORICAL SYSTEM
      - NOAM CHOMSKY:
        
        PROFIT OVER PEOPLE
        
        CRITICISES NEO LIBERAL GLOBALISATION: WHICH IS NOT JUST LIMITED TO UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRIES ..
        
        EVEN AMERICAN SCHOLARS ARE SUFFERING .. THERE IS A DISTNCT DECLINE IN HEALTH AND EDUCATIONAL STANDARD
        
        ACC. TO HIM AMERICA SECURITY POLICY IS PRETEXT FOR SUBSIDISING MAJOR ARMS DEALER: THROUGH TAX PAYERS MONEY
        
        AND THESE COUNTRIES CAN GO FOR EVEN COSTLY WARS. FOR PROTECTION OF INTERST OF ITS COORPERATE GROUPS
      - JOSEPH STIGLETS:
        
        POINTS OUT DEMOCRATIC DEFICUT OF INS. OF GLOBALIZATION
        
        HELD THAT ONLY 1% PLUTOCRATS OF WORLD HAVE BEEN WINNERS OF GLOBALIZATION
        
        THOUGH IT HAS BENEFITED THE MIDDLE CLASS ALSO BUT ADVERSELYIMPACTED THE BOTTEM STRATA OF POPULATIOJN
        
        REAL WAGES HAVE DECREASED TO ELVEL OF SEVERAL DECADES
        
        PRESENT GLOBALISATION LOOKS ELIGANT IN THEORY BUT SUFFERS IN PRACTISE
      - GEORGE HEINE AND PROF. RAMESH THAKUR:
        
        RECENT WORK: THE DARK SIDE OF GLOBALISATION
        
        HAS GIVEM QUALITAIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON BOTH DEVELOPING AND DEVELOPED WORLD
        
        ACC. TO THEM GLOBALISATION IS SOFT BELLY OF CAPITALISM
        
        ALSO HELD THAT: WE HAVE NOT REACHED END OF HISTORY BUT WE ARE COMING CLOSER TO END OF GEOGRAPHY
        
        MADE FOLLOWING OBERVATIONS:
        
        GLOBALISATION HAS INCREASED INEQUALITIES IN LAST TWO DECADES
        
        $50 - 80 BILLION PER YEAR GOES FORM FROM GLOBAL NORTH TO SOUTH
        
        BUT THERE IS MOVEMENT OF $500-800 BILLION THROUGH ILLEGAL CHANNELS TO POOR TO RICH COUNTRIES
        
        WAGE SHARE FALLEN BUT PROFIT SHARE INCREASED
        
        GLOB. WEAKENED SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC RIGHTS BUT STRENGTHED PROPERTY RIGHTS
        
        GLOB. ADVERSELY IMPACTED : ECONOMIC SOVERIGNITY, CULTURAL INTEGRITY, SOCIAL STABILITY
        
        INSTEAD OF STRENGTHING CIVIL SOCIETY IT HAS STRENGTHED UNCIVIL SOCIETY
        
        GROWTH IN ORGANISED CRIME : ,LIKE HUMAN TRAFFICING
        
        36 AFRICAN COUNTRIES REMAINED LDC... MARRED BY ILLEGAL EXPORT OF MINERALS, TERRORIM ETC.
        
        ECONOMIC CRISIS IN EU
      - ARUNDHATI ROY:
        
        IN HER BOOK CAPITALISM A GHOST STORY
        
        HAS SUGGESTED THAT NEOLIBERAL CAPITALISM AS A MUTUALVARIETY OF COLONIALISM, REMOTE CONTROLLED AND DIGITALLY OPERATED
      - CRISTINE LAGARDE:
        
        ACKNOWLEDGE THAT RISING INEQUALITIES HAVE BECOME ACHIES HEEL OF MARKET DRIVEN GLOBALISATION
        
        GLOB. HAS FAILED TO DELIVER ON PROMISES
      - LARRY SUMMERS:
        
        ACCUSED GLOB. ENTHUSIAST HAS USED COMBO. OF RATIONAL ARGUMENTS AND INFLATED RHETORIC TO PRODUCE ABSTRACT NOTION OF GLOBAL GOOD
        
        SO HE RECOMMENDS: RETURN TO RESPONSIBLE NATIONALISM AND SENSIBLE INTTERNATIONAL COOPERATION