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Week 6 - Module 4 (Lec 18) (Health Systems (Formal health services, Use of…
Week 6 - Module 4 (Lec 18)
Public Health
A person and population focused response to protect and promote health
Also looks into preventing illness, injury and disability from infectious, chemical and physical risks caused by other humans, animals or the environment
Health Systems
Formal health services
Use of medication, home and traditional care
Health promotion, disease prevention
environmental change
Education
Vet services
Why do Health systems matter?
Protects humans against the financial cost of illness and treat them with dignity
Goodness and Fairness
Health system must attain best average health
Also as smallest feasible difference between individuals and groups
WHO's response to Health System Challenges
Health systems face multiple objectives, completing demands
Funding increase, but scaling up means more than just funding
Development partners increasingly impact on systems
Health systems agenda is dynamic, constantly changing
Response
Single framework with six clearly defined building blocks and priorities within them
Health systems interfaces with programs to ensure results
More effective roles for WHO at country level
Stronger WHO role in international health systems agenda
Health systems governance
Governance is defined as the structures and processes by which the health system is regulated, directed and controlled
Includes the obligations of stewardship - ensuring that the system is well sustained for the future as well as serving the needs of the present
Governance is done by the people in charge - their authority is matched with accountability
Governance in a large complex system happens at several levels
Who manages the Health System?
International
WHO (World Health Organization)
International Health Regulations formulated 2005
National
Commonwealth Department of Health
Primary responsibility for Primary Health Care through medicare
Pharmaceutical Benefits
Programs for Indigenous Health
Disease prevention through links to quarantine and national health promotions programs
Border Force
State
State Departments of Health
Public and Preventative health services
Local Government
Notification
Count disease, establish trends
Establish preventative programs
Monitor and measure interventions
Rabies
Clinical features
Viral encephalomyelitis
nearly always fatal
Incubation period
3-8 weeks, can extend to years
Reservoirs
Found in all continents
Prevention
Overseas
Australia
Q Fever
Caused by bacteria
Symptoms = fever, headaches, chills, muscle pains
Transmitted through
contact with animal faeces
breathing in dust from infected premises
contact with contaminated wool or hides
Transmission
common reservoirs = cattle, sheep and goats
Can also infect kangaroos, camels, dogs, cats
Survives in the environment for a prolonged time
Hendra Virus
flying fox = natural host
flying foxes - Horses - Horses and people
Transmission = Horses - by sniffing/eating matter contaminated recently by flying fox urine/saliva/birth products
Humans: high level exposure to respiratory secretions/ blood of infected horse
Ebola Virus
Zika Virus
Mild symptoms
10 day incubation stage
transmission through mosquitos
can cause birth defects if pregnant women are affected