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Earth Systems (Studying the State of Our Earth (Systems within Systems …

- - - - Resources: Natural resources provide the energy and materials that support human civilization but as the human population grows the resources necessary for our survival become increasingly depleted.
        
        Sustainable development is development that balances current human well-being and economic advancement with resource management for the benefit of future generations.
        
        Human Impact: Ecological footprint is a measure of how much an individual consumes, expressed in area of land.
        It is measured in land because land is needed to supply the goods and services that individuals use.
        
        Science as a process : The scientific method- an objective method to explore the natural world, draw inferences from it, and predict the outcome of certain events, processes, or changes.
        Observing questioning
        This is where the scientific method begins
        Forming hypotheses
        Hypothesis is a testable conjecture about how something works. it may be an idea, proposition, a possible mechanism of interaction, or a statement about an effect.
        collecting data
        Replication - the data collection procedure of taking repeated measurements.
        Sample size hyphen the number of times a measurement is replicated in data collection.
        Interpreting results
        This typically involves two types of reasoning inductive and deductive
        Inductive - is the process of making General statements from specific facts or samples
        Deductive - is the process of applying a general statement to specific fact or situations
        
        Disseminating findings
        the dissemination of scientific findings allow other scientists to repeat the original experiment and verify or challenge results.
        Testing the hypothesis
        Control group hyphen a group that experiences exactly the same conditions as the experimental group except for the single variable under the study.
        The results
- - - - Chemical Bonds: 3 types, Covalent- compounds share electrons Ionic- opposite charges leads to chemical bond Hydrogen- weak bond formed with water
        
        Uniqueness of Water: it has the ability to transfer chemical elements and compounds from one system to another
        
        Biological Molecules:
        Inorganic compounds- contain or do not contain carbon that is not bound to hydrogen
        Organic compounds- carbon with carbon and carbon with hydrogen.
        
        Energy Forms: Every comes in nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, cells, and carbohydrates.
        
        Thermodynamics: laws of how energy works, energy is not created nor destroyed, energy transforms the quantity remains the same but its ability to do work diminishes.
        
        Feedback Loops
        
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        System dynamics: How a system reacts to certain changes
- - - - Energy Conversion
        
        Photosynthesis - Producers use solar energy to convert CO2 and H2O into glucose
        
        Cellular Respiration - cells unlock energy of chemicals
        
        Anaerobic Respiration - Cells convert glucose into energy without oxygen.
        
        Aerobic Respiration - Cells convert glucose and Oxygen - into energy