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Chemical Analysis (Chromatography (Paper Chromatography (amount of time…
Chemical Analysis
Chromatography
2 phases
mobile phase, where molecules can move, liquid or gas
stationary phase, can't move, solid or really thick liquid
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mixture will normally separate in stationary phase as
long as components spend different time in mobile phase
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Paper Chromatography
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molecules with higher solubility and less attracted to
paper, more in mobile phase and thus carried further
Chromatogram
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formula, larger Rf value further substance moved
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Purity & Formulations
often not 100%, stuff can't see mixed
Pure, contains 1 element or compound throughout
Bp or mp, can tell you of purity as
should be at specific temperature
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Impurities will
lower mp, and increase melting range
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Formulations
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precise purpose, achieved by measured quantities
E.g
Paint has
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Solvent, dissolve, alters viscosity
Binder, hold paint in place when painted
Additives, added to change properties
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product information - ratio & percentage, let you
choose right composition for your particular use
Testing for Gases
Chlorine
bleaches damp litmus paper, turning it white
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Test for Ions
Anions (-ve ions)
Carbonates
dilute acid give CO2, which can be tested
Sulfates
- Add dilute HCl, remove traces of carbonate ions
- add Barium Chloride, white precipitate, Barium Sulfate
Halides
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Silver chloride, white precipitate
Silver bromide, cream precipitate
Silver iodine, yellow precipitate
Cations (metal ions)
Flame Tests
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- clean wire loop with fine emery paper
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