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Alcohols, Carboxylic Acids & Polymers (Carboxylic Acids (Esters # (…

- - - - used as solvent
        
        dissolve those that water does
        
        also HC, oil and fats, wate can't dissolve
    - - used as solvent
        
        dissolve those that water does
        
        also HC, oil and fats, wate can't dissolve
      - Can be made by fermentation
        
        found in alcoholic drinks
        
        uses enzyme in yeast to convert sugars into ethanol
        
        produces also CO2
        
        occurs in solution so ethanol is aqueous
        
        fastest around 37C, slightly acidic, anaerobic condition
        
        in incorrect condition may be slower or denature the enzyme
    - - flammable, complete combustion in air
      - React with Na, producing H2
      - can be oxidised to produce carboxylic acid
      - all soluble in water with neutral pH
      - fuel, e.g ethanol in spirit burners
        
        burns fairly cleanly
        
        non-smelly
- - - - 2 monomers each with 2 of same functional group or
      - 1 monomer type with 2 different functional groups
    - - 2 types
    - - 2 reactive groups on each monomer
- - - - amino group NH2
      - Carboxyl Group COOH
    - - polymer is known as polypeptide via condensation polymerisation
      - amino group react with acid group of
        other, for every bond H2O is lost
      - one or more long-chain polypeptide is known as proteins
      - Uses in human body E.g
        
        Enzymes, catalysts
        
        Hb transports O2
        
        antibodies as part of immune system
        
        part of body tissue
  - - - 2 polymer chains of monomers called nucleotides
      - each nucleotide contains small molecule called base
      - base, A ,C, G, T
      - bases on different polymer chain up, form cross links keeping the 2 strands of nucleotides together, giving double helix structure
      - order of bases acts as code for genes
  - - - Starch, store energy
      - cellulose, found in plant cell wall