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MODERN COMPARTIVE POLITICS (OTHER APPRIACHES) (POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT:…
MODERN COMPARTIVE POLITICS (OTHER APPRIACHES)
POLITICAL ECONOMY
ECONOMIC POLICIES OF STATE IS STUDIED
ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION
ORIGIN IN KAUTALYA'S ARTHSHASTRA
IN MODERN TIMES: BEGINING OF POLITICAL ECONOMY
WORKS OF ADAM SMITH: WEALTH OF NATIONS:
1ST MODERN BOOK ON POLITICAL ECONOMY:
ADAM SMITH SUGEESTED LAISSEZ FAIRE: INVISIBLE HAND IN ECONOMY
ONLY WHEN STATE WILL LEAVE ECONOMY FREE IT WILL LEAD TO WEALTH OF NATIONS.. OTHERWISE IT WILL LEAD TO WEALTH OF KING AND MERCHANTS
ADAM SMITH WAS CRITIQUE OF MERCANTILE CAPITALISM
RICARDO :GAVE THEORY OF COMPARITIVE ADVANTAGE
WHICH IS THE BASIS TO RECOMMEND FREE TRADE AMONG NATIONS
2ND SCHOOL MARXIST SCHOOL:
MARX HELD THAT FREE MARKET WILL NOT LEAD TO WEALTH OF NATIONS RATHER POVERTY OF MASSES
MARX PRESCRIBED SOCIALIST MODE OF PRODUCTION TO ADDRESS POVERTY
LENIN HELD THAT IMPERIALISM IS HIGHEST STATE OF CAPITALISM
LENIN HELD THAT 1ST WORLD WAR WAS A CAPITALIST WAR FOR TO PRESERVE COLONIES
DEPENDENCY THEORY
NEO MARXIST"
OVERDEVLOPED STATE : HAMZA ALAWI
IMMANUEL WALERSTIEN:
HIGHLIGHTED EXPLIOTATIVE NATURE GLOBALISATION:
HELD THAT GLOBALISATION HAS LED TO INCREASED POVERTY, HUNGER AND UNREST
AG FRANK, SAMMER AMIN: NEOCOLONAILSIM
AMARTYA SEN
USES POLITICAL ECONOMTY APPROACH FOR COMPARITIVE POLITICS B/W INDIA AND CHINA
LIMITATION: VALUE BASED CAN'T BE COMPLETELY TREATED AS SCIENTIFIC
POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT:
POL. DEVELOPMENT SHOULDN'T BE CONFUSED WITH ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
PARAMETER OF POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT:
ACC. TO LUCIAN PYE:
THERE ARE 3 PARAMETERS:
EQUALITY:
POLITICAL EQUALITY: INDICATOR OF PARTICIPATION OF PEOPLE IN POLITICAL SYSYTEM
CAPACITY
CAPCITY OF STATE TO ENFORCE DISCIPLINE
DIFFRENTIATION
FUNCTIONAL SPECIALIZATION B/W THE DIFFERENT ORGANS:
LIKE IN CASE OF PAKISTAN EXECUTIVE AND ARMY ARE NOT DIFFERENT
IN FACT ARMY IN PAK IS A DEEP STATE
LIKE IN CASE OF INDIA:
PARTICIPATION: HIGH
CAPACITY : WEAK... INDIA A SOFT STATE
DIFFRENTIATION: EXISTS
POLITICAL DECAY: SAMUEL P HUNTINGTON:
WHEN THERE IS MISMATCH B/W PARTICIPATION: AND DEGREE OF INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF DEMOCRACY
AS BY PARTICIPATION:INCREASES ADAPTABILITY, COMPLEXITY, COHERANCE, AUTONOMY
IN INDIA AND OTHER DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: GOING THROUGH POLITICAL DECAY
IN INDIA DEINSTITUTIONALIIZATION OF DEMOCRACY STARTED AFTER NEHRU
RIGGS: DEVELOPMENT TRAP:
HELD THAT IF ALL 3 PARAMETERS DON'T DEVELOP AT SAME TIME : POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT WILL GET TRAPPED
POL. DEVELOPMENT IS CRITISED BECOZ IT TAKES DEVELOPMENT WRT TO DEVELOPMENT OF WESTERN COUNTRIES
POLITICAL MODERNIZATION
WHY POLITICAL MODERNIZATION:
BECOZ POL. DEVELOMENT APPROACH IS BAISED
COUNTRY CAN ADOPT ANY TYPE OF POLITICAL SYSTEM, WHAT IS TO SEEN IS MOERNISATION
BASIC PREMISE IS MODERNIZATION WILL AUTOMATICALLY LEAD TO DEMOCRATISATION
MODERNIZATION: INDUSTRAILIZATION, SECUARISM, RATIONALIZATION, URABANIZATION ETC.
SAMUEL P HUNTINGTON:
HELD THAT MODERNIZATION INCRESES SOCIAL MOBILZATION
WHICH AUTOMATICALLY CREATES DEMAND FOR DIFFRENTIATION.. IT LEADS TO RATIONALIZATION OF AUTHORITY
WHICH RESULT INTO DEMAND FOR POLITICAL PARTICIPATION .. WHICH RESULT INTO NATION BULDING
POLITICAL CULTURE:
SCHOLAR ALMOND AND BERBA: WROTE BOOK CIVIC CULTURE
SUGGESTED POLITICAL CULTURE CAN BE A USEFUL TOOL FOR COMPARISON
POLITICAL CULTURE:
IS A SUBSET OF CULTURE(VALUES AND NORMS)..
HENCE POL CULTURE MEAN: POLITICAL VALUES AND NORMS
4 TYPES OF IDEAL POL. CULTURE IS DESCRIBED
,1. PAROCHIAL POL. CULTURE
WHERE PEOPLE ARE INDIFFERENT TOWARDS THE POL. SYSTEM.. AND EVEN SAME FOR STATE. FOR EG: TRIBES IN ANDAMAN
SUBJECT POL. CULTURE
HERE PEOPLE HAVE SUBJECT MENTALITY RATHER THAN CITIZENSHIP MENTALITY FOR EG: COLONIAL STATE
PARTICIPATIVE POL. CULTURE
WHEN PEOPLE ACTIVELY PARTICIPATE IN POL. CULTURE THEY CAN MAKE DIFFRENCE I N BOTH INPUT AND OUTPUT LEVEL
4.CIVIC CULTURE.
CIVIC CULTURE IS BEST FOR DEMOCRACY . IS PARTICIPATIVE BUT OTHER CULTURE ALSO EXISTDOMAINANT CULTURE
BECOZ EXCESSIVE DEMOOCRACY WILL LEAD TO MOBOCRACY