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The Great Leap Forward 1958-1962 (Key words and concepts (Industrialize -…
The Great Leap Forward 1958-1962
Aims
To modernize and industrialize China
Increase agriculture output = increase in food to the cities and exports to buy machinery
Mass mobilization of Chinese population
Carried out by CCP (Liu Shaoqui and Deng Xiaoping)
Overtake the West (e.g. UK in steel output in 15 years)
Causes
Mao believed that human willpower was the key factor for change
The first five-year plan was too reliant on the USSR, Mao wanted to show more independance
By 1958 Mao had been in power for 10 years, meaning that he had secured power and trust over the people
Mao's visit to Moscow in 1957 made him believe that Communism was better than Capitalism and this was due to Sputnik
Sino-Soviet relations in 1958 were so poor that Mao wanted China to be not only economically independent from the USSR but also becoming a world leader in communism
Impacts
Social Impacts
In around 1958, there were signs of food shortages
peasant enthusiasm began to decline in many areas
militarization and discipline of labour
heavy emphasis on communal living
rich peasants hated sharing with poorer peasants
as a result of overworking and exaggerated figures, a great famine occured
In some cases people resorted to cannibalism
Criticism within the CCP was directed towards Mao as the campaign progressed
Economic Impacts
.
Industrial Chaos in factories
most steel created from backyard furnaces were brittle
Political consequences
Wuhan conference
steel and grain targets were reduced
it was decided peasants peasants would be rewarded more according to work done rather than economic need
USSR support withdrawn
Lushan conference
Many central rightists placed responsibility on Mao
Mao eventually resigns himself from Chairman of the PLA and remains as party leader of the CCP
Content
Communes were set up around China
Private family life was essentially abolished while children were put within shared nurseries
backyard steel furnaces were created to maximize efficiency for steel
Mao encouraged peasants to work with the hope of a better China
Peasants exaggerated many figures in order to meet quotas
Mass mobilization occurred
Key words and concepts
Industrialize - 15 yrs
Bourgeoisie
Proletariat
Simultatneous development
center rightists
leftists
"walking on 2 legs"
How successful were Mao's economic policies between 1949 and 1961