Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
KAP 2 - Psychology: the science of mind and behaviour (Research methods…
KAP 2 - Psychology: the science of mind and behaviour
The scientific method
observation
hypothesis
test hypothesis
Analyse data and draw tentative conclusion
Report findings to scientific community
Further research and theory building
New hypotheses derived from theory
Experimental observations
Independent variable, dependent variable, a null hypothesis.
Levels of analysis
Psychological
Biological
Environmental
Ethics of psychological research
The participants:
Informed
about the nature of the experiment and its procedures
Protected
from any physical/mental harm
Protected
privacy
Freely
choose to participate in a study and free to withdraw at any time
The researchers:
Provide an explanation
for the study and the procedures involved after the participant has completed the study.
Debriefing
.
Research methods and research studies
The scientific method
Identify questions of interest
Formulate an explanation
Carry out research
Communicate the findings
Descriptive methods
Self report
Psychological
Behavioral
Naturalistic observation
Laboratory observation
Case studies
Surveys and polls
Experimental method
Correlational method
Experiments: examining cause and effect
Experimental group/condition
Control group/condition
2 basic ways to design an experiment
Different participants in each condition
Random assignment
To expose each participant to all the conditions
Counterbalancing
Qualitative research
Options:
Interviews (structured, unstructured or semi-structured)
Questionnaires
Analysis of text and video material
OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH METHODS:
Case study
Naturalistic observation
Survey
Correlational study
Experiment
Qualitative study
PS: Mixed-method design
Threats to the validity of research
Internal validity
External validity
Internal validity
Placebo effects
Demand characteristics
Confounding of variables
The confound / the confounding variable
Experimenter expectancy effects
Double-blind procedure
External validity
Replication
Meta-analysis
Analysing and interpreting data
Using statistics to describe data
Descriptive statistics
Ex: the correlation coefficient, measures of central tendency, measures of variability
3 Measures of central tendency:
The mode (typetall)
The median
The mean (gjennomsnitt)
2 Measures of variability
The range = highest score - lowest score
The standard deviation - how much each score differs from the mean
Using statistics to make interferences (conclusions)
Inferential statistics
Statistical significance
Meta-analysis
The 'file-drawer' problem
a representation of effect size
Critical thinking in science and everyday life
Oversimplifications
Overgeneralizations
Pseudoscientific misinformation
Good questions:
What claim is being made?
What evidence is being presented to support this claim?
What is the quality of the evidence? Are there any other plausible explanations for the conclusions being drawn?
What additional evidence would be needed to reach a clearer conclusion?
What is the most reasonable conclusion to draw?