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Week 6 - Module 2 (Lec 13) (Summary (Soils of Australia see big challenges…
Week 6 - Module 2 (Lec 13)
Soil Formation
Basalt
Good drainage, removal of silica
High landscape positions
Ferrosol
fertile soil , very heavy, high nutrient status
600-2000mm rainfall, good agricultural land
Vertosol
Fertile soil, good physical character, moderate nutrients
QLD state soil, volcanics and sedimentary rocks
Granite
Acid environments
limited leaching
high base status
Podsol
infertile soil, high aciditity, low nutrient status
Kurosol
moderate fertility soil, can be high sodium, lack of rainfall
Other soils of QLD
Sodosols
widespread, formed on may types of landscapes
Dermosols
quite common, fertile, good agricultural soils
Kandosols
common, weathered, low fertility, grazing and cropping
Rudosols
Coastal and inland, fluvial, aeolian, sedentary
Soil Profile
Name of Horizons
O Horizon
Organic materials in various stage of decomposition
A Horizon
Top soil
Surface minerals
Darker in colour than the underlying horizon
B Horizon
Subsoil
Deeper soil
Concentration of clay, Fe, Al,Organic materials
C Horizon
Unconsolidated, partially weathered parent materials
R Horizon
Bedrock
Summary
Soils of Australia see big challenges for good fertility management
soil formation = S=
f
(Cl, O, R, P, T)
cl = climate (temperature, moisture)
O = biota (vegetation, macro and microfauna)
R= relief (shoulder,back slope,foot slope, toe slope)
P = Parent (residual, colluvial, alluvial)
T = Time
Climate
key features = temperature and moisture
Eluviation: removal of soil material in suspension from a layer of soil
Illuviation: deposition of soil material removed from one horizon to another in the soil
Topography
Residual material
Around the summit to shoulder areas of a slope
Colluvial materials
Backslope to toeslope regions
Alluvial materials
the end of the toeslope or floodpain
Biota
Food webs
Climate-vegetation
combination of temperature and moisture (precipitation) dictates the type of vegetation
Influence on other formation (biota, relief, etc)