Biology Summer Homework
Enzymes
Enzymes are catalysts, meaning they speed up reactions.
There are different enzymes used in different parts of the digestion system, since different reactions occur in different places.
There are different enzymes for many purposes. Some break down proteins while others are used for digesting nutrients.
Concentration and Transport
The Scale of Cells and Cell Machinery
Most types of transport are transferring a substance from an area of high concentration
Osmosis is the name given to the diffusion of water - it is not always active transport.
Active Transport is the movement of a substance from an area of low concentration to high concentration.
Active Transport is used by plants to obtain certain minerals from the soil.
Diffusion is the name of the transfer of substances from high concentration to low concentration.
Most cells are measured on the microscale.
The Microscale refers to anything measured in micrometers which is between 1 and 999 micrometers (under 1 millimeter).
Some parts of cells are measured on the nanoscale. Some viruses are measured on the nanoscale as well.
The nanoscale refers to anything measured in nanometers (under 1 micrometer).
Cells can be seen with microscopes with strong magnification, and cell machinery can be seen with powerful electron microscopes.
The enzymes used in digestion are generated in different places in the body.
Electron Light Microscopes and Light Microscopes
Protists
Similarities
Differences
Both are tools used for observing small objects in great detail.
Both allow observation by creating a visualization of the object on a larger scale.
Electron Light microscopes can have 100x higher magnification than Light Microscopes.
Light Microscopes use Optics to create an image, Electron Light Microscopes create an image using electron flow.
The technology used in Electron Light microscopes is much more expensive.
Protists are one of the causes of pathogenic diseases.
Protists are Eukaryotic cells, meaning that they have a nucleus.
Protists are any organisms which are Eukaryotic and neither Plants, Animals or Fungi.
Most forms of parasites are protists.