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Cultural Differences (Individualist and collectivist Cultures…
Cultural Differences
Individualist and collectivist Cultures
Individualist culture- you're responsible for yourself and perhaps your immediate family
Collectivist culture- you're responsible for the entire group
Another frequent difference and source of misunderstanding between individualist and collectivist cultures is relative importance of maintaining a positive public self image or what is frequently called face saving
Masculine and Feminine Cultures
Muscle culture- men are valued for their assertiveness, material success, and strength. Women on the other hand are valued for their modesty
Feminine culture- values modesty, concern for relationships and quality of life, and tenderness in both men and women
Feminine organizations are less competitive and less aggressive
Masculine organizations emphasize competitiveness and aggressiveness
High and low ambiguity tolerant cultures
high ambiguity tolerant cultures-don't feel threatened by unknown situations; uncertainty is a normal part of life
Low ambiguity tolerant cultures- do much to avoid uncertainty and have a great deal of anxiety about not knowing what will happen next; they see uncertainty as threatening and as something that must be counteracted
Long and Short term orientations cultures
Log term orientation-an orientation that promotes the importance of future rewards.
Short term orientation- look more to the past and the present
High and low context culture
High context cultures-places a great deal of emphasis on the information that is in the context or in the person
Low context cultures- places more emphasis on the information that is explicitly stated in verbal messages or, in formal transactions, in written (contract) form
High context cultures are also collective cultures
High and low power distance cultures
High power distance culture-power is concentrated in the hands of a few, and there's a great difference between the power held by people and the power of the ordinary citizen
Low power distance culture-power is more evenly distributed throughout the citizenry
Indulgence and Restraint Cultures
Indulgence- are those that emphasize the gratification of desires; they focus on having fun and enjoying life
Restraint- those that foster the curbing of such gratification and it's regulation by social norm
