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Eucaryotes - Chp. - Kirsten Krause (LÆREMÅL (Most famous hypothisis in…
Eucaryotes - Chp. - Kirsten Krause
Egenskaper
Encellede organismer
De fleste
Typer
Gjær
Encellet fungi
Make little daughter cells, that pop off from their mother when their big enough
Protister
Encellede eucatyoter
Animal related
e.g.
Giardia
Amøbe
Protozoa
Plant-related
Microalgae
e.g.
Diatom
Toxoplasma
Malaria
Reproduksjon
Fødselen
Evolved in a prokaryote cell
The membranes in the cell folded and protected the DNA
Endosymbiont hypothesis
One of the most importaint hypotheis of biology
Lynn Margulis
Was figgured before - but she wrote it in english
The eukaryotic cell was the result of a merger between two (or three) bacteria
Supporting observations
Horizontal gene transfer
Time Tree
The timescale of life
TimeTree web-page
Organeller
Mitokondrie
Found in basically all organisms
Bound by two membranes
Perform cellular respiration
Generate energy for the cell
Produce the ATP that make the body run
Cytoplasma
Cloroplaster
Found in alle plant cells and some unicellular parecites
Bound by two - four membranes
Have their own DNA
Perform photosyntecis
Generate energy
Evolution
All cloroplast we find today can be traced back to one single event
Monofilectic origin
Is not over yet
Cholorplast is still being lost and reduced
Fysiske egenskaper
Størrelse
Like små som prokaryoter
Nucleus
Her ligger alt DNA
"True (Eu) nucleus (Karyon)" = Eukaryote
LÆREMÅL
Majority of eucaryotes ar unicellular
The eucaryotic tree of life
Most famous hypothisis in biology: explaining the evolution of eukaryotic cells
endosymbiont hypothesis
Chloroplast evolution
Examples from reasarch at UiT
Examples
Trees
Dogs
Most eucaryotes are actually single celled organsims
Are all around us
Eucaryotic ancestry - Tree of Life
4 supergroups
Unikonta
Archaeplastida
SAR clade
SAR stem from three sub-groups they come from
Excavata
Sykdommer
Malaria
The malaria causing parasite Plasmodium contains a plastid called Apicoplast
Apicoplast
Produces what the paracite needs
Are vital for the paracite
Make them ideal drug target for fighting Malaria