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The Criminal Justice System (Types of Crime (Occupational Crimes (Criminal…
The Criminal Justice System
Goals
Controlling Crime
Arresting, prosecuting, convicting, and punishing offenders
Vs Due Process
Protection of rights, Innocent until proven guilty
Stopping crime, Punishing criminals, Assembly line Justice
Preventing Crime
Imposers/Prosecutors
Punishers
Enforcers
Doing Justice
Offenders held accountable 2. People in contact with system are protected 3. Offenders treated fairly
Federal System
National Justice
Link Title
State Justice
Link Title
War on "Street Crime"
Budget
Depends on elected officials
"Public image"
Crime costs: Economic / Psychological / Operational
Victim advocacy Programs
Order of Command (Filtering)
Police :red_flag:
Prosecution :red_flag:
Courts :red_flag:
Corrections :checkered_flag:
Acquittal, Convictions
Diversion, Prosecuted, Dismissed
Wedding Cake Model
Types of Crime
Occupational Crimes
Criminal offenses committed through opportunities created in a legal business or occupation
Visible Crimes
Violent / Property / Public-Order
Organized Crimes
Framework of crimes such as gambling, drugs, and prostitution that is provided in great demand
Transnational Crimes
Profit seeking criminal activities that executed across national borders
Victimless Crimes
Participant in illegal activities is willing but do not feel they are being harmed. Prosecuted on the grounds that society as a whole is being injured
Political Crimes
Threat against the state (such as treason, sedition, espionage, or illegal activities by the state itself)
Cybercrimes
Offenses that involve the use of one or more computers
Reporting Crimes
Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)
By FBI
29 Total Categores / Seperates Part 1 2 crimes
Voluntary reporting (94.6% of Population)
Dark figure crimes go unreported
National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)
Was used to fix UCR
Incident based - specific
46 Offenses; 22 Categories
More detail
National Crime Victimization Surveys (NCVS)
Not dependent on police
Addresses "hidden" crimes / "dark figures" of crime
Study repeat victimization over time
Trends of Crime
Victims
Victimology
What happens to victims in the criminal justice system?
What role do victims play in causing the crimes they suffer?
What is the impact of crime?
Who is victimized?
Violent crimes leads toward younger, defenseless people
Below poverty level Americans experience a higher threat of victimization because of economic status and limited location
Ages 16 - 24 Males are most crime-prone
Criminal Laws
Felonies
Serious crimes > 1 year
Misdemeanors
Less serious < 1 year
Civil infractions
Minor offenses punishable by small fines
Elements of Crime
7 Principles
Actus Reus
- Laws on acts and failed acts by a person
Causation - Must be a relationship between an act and the harm suffered
Harm - Must cause harm to some legally protected value
Concurrence - The intent and the act must be present at the same time (accidental)
Mens Rea
- Must have a guilty state of mind or it is not a crime
Punishment - Must be a provision in law calling for punishment of those found guilty violating the law
Legality - Must define the crime
Defenses
Justification
An individual's action was socially acceptable under the circumstances despite causing harm that the criminal law would otherwise seek to prevent
Self-Defense
Necessity - Needed to break the law to prevent a greater harm
Excuses
Determines whether or not the an individual had knowledge or intent needed for a criminal conviction
Duress (Coercion) - caused by someone else
Entrapment - Individual was induced by police to commit a criminal act
Infancy - Criminal acts by children under the age of 7 / lack of responsibility for actions
Mistake of Fact - Lack of knowledge in a crime
Intoxication - Tricked into consuming a substance without knowing it may cause intoxication
Insanity - Uses tests to see if they are uncontrollable or if they can not perceive the wrong in their actions
3 Principles of Justice
Discretions
:<3:
Adjudication
