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Physics (Chemical Energy is stored in fuels, Thermal Energy is given off…
Physics
Chemical Energy is stored in fuels
Thermal Energy is given off by heat reactions
Electrical Energy is in electrons
Elastic Potential Energy is given off by tension in stretched objects
Gravitational Potential Energy is stored in objects that are high up
Nuclear Energy is stored in nuclei of atoms
Sound Energy is energy waves from vibrations
Light Energy is rays given off by luminous objects
Kinetic Energy is created by movement
Work = Force x Distance
GPE = Mass x Gravity x Height
Power = Work Done x Time Taken
Kinetic Energy = 1/2 x Mass x Velocity squared
EPE = 1/2 x Spring Constant x Extension squared
Efficiency = ( useful energy transferred ÷ energy supplied ) × 100
When air is trapped by tiny fibers inhibiting convection, the air becomes an insulator, e.g. hair due to it using air
Longitudinal Waves are parallel to the direction of the wave and Transverse waves are perpendicular to the direction of the wave.
Longitudinal Waves are Mechanical and Transverse Waves are a Electromagnetic Waves
Wave speed = Frequency x Wavelength
Radio waves, Microwaves, In-fared, Visible Light, Ultraviolet, X-rays, Gamma Rays
Infrared (remotes), Micro (Satellite = Phones), Radio (TV + Radio)
Infrared easily penetrates air and glass, used in RC, Night Vision and Security Systems however too much can burn our skin (UV)
Convex lens focuses light inwards
Concave lens focuses light out wards
Sound Waves - Travel through the air allows us to hear noises, caused by vibrations
Radio Waves - Can be used to carry information between electronic devices
X-rays - High energy waves passes through some solid objects. Can be developed, safe in small doses and can damage cells
Water Waves - Can be caused by the moon orbiting the earth or by something hitting the surface
Sound Travels faster through solids as the particles in solid s are closer together than in a gas or liquid
Mechanical waves need particles so the vibration travel through a substance(medium) but Electromagnetic waves can travel through a vacuum
the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection
The normal is a line drawn at right angles to the reflector
The angle of incidence is between the incident (incoming) ray and the normal
The angle of reflection is between the reflected ray and the normal
Refraction is when a wave hits a boundary of a material on a angle and the direction changes as it move throguh it
Seismic Waves are produced by earthquakes and travels through or across the earths surface
A filter blocks out certain wavelengths
Gamma Radiation can causes radiation sickness, the more you are expsoded the more ill you will be.
Dark Matt surfaces are the better absorbed and emitters of radiation/heat where white shiny surfaces are the worst
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, Uranus, Pluto
Centripetal forces is affected by velocity, radius and mass
Main sequence stars fuses hydrogen to helium, red giant fuse anything from helium to iron, supernova forms any
Satellites are objects that orbit a second more massive object e.g. the moon
Red Shift is occurs when the sources is moving away from the observer. Red shift is where light waves are are stretched to appear red
CMBR = Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation