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Basic Fundamentals and Computational Logical Thinking (Computational…
Basic Fundamentals and Computational Logical Thinking
OPERATION:
computers operate with base 2, or with binary numbering system. (there are no numbers from the two onwards)
Computational Logical Thinking
It is a process for solving problems through different techniques such as organization and analysis of information in a logical way.
Techniques
Abstraction:
process of eliminating what does not serve us or the complex part of a problem we are analyzing.
Decomposition:
Depending on the magnitude of a problem, it can be decomposed into smaller or more manageable parts.
Simulation:
through the simulations that we can anticipate the result of a problem.
How data is stored
Variable:
is an identifier that represents the symbolic address of a memory location in which we can store values temporarily since their contents can change, but they maintain a same value during a period of time.
Constant:
Values that do not change during the process of solving a problem.
Basic components of a computer
Software
Logical, since it refers to the programs, a series of instructions that tell you step by step what you should do.
Hardware
Physical part and is made up of the electrical, electronic and mechanical components, which by functions are classified into
input, output, storage and system unit devices
.
Input devices
Are those components that allow the input of data and instructions to the computer.
Keyboard, pointers (mice), microphone, video camera.
Output Devices
These are those components that display information to users.
Monitor, printer, speakers, fax.
Storage devices
They store information permanently. They are recorded on a hard disk, CD or USB stick. Hardware components that write and read data, information, and instructions.
They can be magnetic, optical or solid state.
System drive: the microprocessor is located.
Computers process data (inputs) to convert information (output).
Type of data
Determines how the data is represented in the computer and the processing that can be performed.
There are 2: Simple (no structure), which are not derived from other types and compounds (structured).
Numbers:
whole and real
Logical:
Boolean
Character:
character and string