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digestion of metabolites in the intestines (digestion of lipids…
digestion of metabolites in the intestines
digestion of carbohydrates
only monosaccharides can be absorbed by enterocytes
monosaccharids enter the capillary of a villi
digestion of proteins
pepsinogen (from chief cells) is activated to pepsin which cuts up proteins into amino acids and oligopeptides
trypsin (from pancreatic acinar cells) and other proteases further cleave peptides
protein breakdown products enter the capillary of a villi
micro-anatomy
villi
finger-like projections into the lumen which are covered in enteroctyes (which have microvilli on their apical surface)
contain a network of capillaries (all other nutrients go here) and a lacteal (dietary fat goes here)
intestinal crypts (mucosal glands)
rich in lymphocytes, eosinophils, and plasma cells
they also contain a few goblet cells
bordered on the bottom by the muscularis mucosae
digestion of lipids
triglycerides are broken down by
lipases
into 1 monoglyceride and 2 fatty acids
cholesterol esters are broken down by
cholesterol ester hydrolase
into 1 cholesterol and 1 fatty acid
phospholipids are broken down by
phospholipase A2
into 1 lysolecithin and 1 fatty acid
lipid breakdown products enter the lacteal of a villi