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Stephanie Yeung Per.3 (Periodic Table (electronegativity (increases…
Stephanie Yeung Per.3
Periodic Table
electronegativity
increases northeast
ionization energy
increases northeast
atomic radius
increases southwest
cations get smaller when they lose electron
anions get bigger when they gain electrons
Bonding
Metallic
metal-metal
properties
high melting and boiling points
conducts electricity - delocalized electrons
Ionic
metal-nonmetal
greatest electronegativity difference
lattice structure - cations attract to anions
properties
high melting and boiling points - hard to break attractions
can't conduct electricity - solid
electrostatic attraction
Covalent
nonmetal-nonmetal
lattice structure - nonmetals share electrons with other nonmetals
properties
low melting and boiling points - weak intermolecular forces
can't conduct electricity - no free electrons
other
orbitals
s - 1st sublevel
p - 2nd sublevel
d - 3rd sublevel
f - 4th sublevel
dipole moment
direction of bond
arrow points toward most electronegative element
asymmetric shape - has dipole moment; arrows don't cancel out
symmetric shape - doesn't have dipole moment; arrows cancel out
VSPER
bond angles
109.5
tetrahedral (AX4)
trigonal pyramidal (AX3E)
bent (AX2E2)
120/90
trigonal bipyramidal (AX5)
seesaw(AX4E)
t-shaped (AX3E2)
120
trigonal planar (AX3)
bent (AX2E)
90
octahedral (AX6)
square pyramidal (AX5E)
square planar (AX4E2)
t-shaped (AX3E3)
linear (AX2E4)
180
linear (AX2)
linear (AX2E3)
Chemical Reactions
reaction types
single replacement
A + BX --> AX + B
AX + B --> BX + A
double replacement
AX + BY --> AY + BX
decomposition
AX --> A + X
combustion
A + O2 --> AO
synthesis
A + X --> AX