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Muscular System (Movement Terminology (Abduction (movement of limb away…
Muscular System
Movement Terminology
Abduction
- movement of limb away from midline
Adduction
- movement of limb toward the midline
Rotation
- movement of a bone around a longitudinal axis
Circumduction
- proximal end of a limb is stationary and the digital end moves in circles
Hyperextension
- extension beyond 180 degrees
Dorsiflexion
- lifting the superior surface of foot towards shin
Extension
- movement that increases angle of joint
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Flexion
- movement that decreases angle of joint
Inversion
- turn sole of foot medially
Eversion
- turn sole of foot laterally
Supination
- forearm rotates laterally so palm face anteriorly
Pronation
- forearm rotates medially so palm faces posterioly
Opposition
- movement of thumb to touch tips of other fingers
Function of Muscle
- movement of substances within body
- stabilizing joints, body posture, and regulating organ volume
- Motion: change in body position
- thermogenesis(heat production)
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Type of Muscles
Thrunk
Latissimus Dorsi
- Action: extends and adducts humerus
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External Obiques
- Action: flexes and rotates vertebral column
Rectus Abdominis
- Action: flexes vertebral column
Trapezius
- Action: extends neck and adducts scapula
Pectoralis Major
- Action: Adducts and flexes humerus
Arms
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Bicep Brachii
- Action: flexes elbow and supinates forearm
Flexor Carpi Radialis
- Action: flexes wrist and adducts hand
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Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
- Action: flexes wrist and adducts hand
Extensor Digitorium
- Action: extends fingers and wrist
Extensor Carpi Radialis
- Action: extends wrist and abducts hands
Head
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Sternocleidomastoid
- Action: flexes neck; rotates head
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Platysma
- Action: pull corner of mouth inferiarily
Zygomaticus
- Action: raises corner of mouth
Orbicularis Oris
- Action: closes and protrudes lips
Orbicularis Oculi
- Action: Blinks and closes eyes
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Thigh and Legs
Hamstring
- Action: Flex knee and extend hip
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Quadracep Group
- Action: extends knee; rectus femoris also flexes hip on thigh
Tibialis Anterior
- Action: dorsiflexes and inverts foot
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Gastrocnemius
- Action: plantar flexes foot and flexes knee
Sartorius
- Action: flexes thigh on hip
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Soleus
- Action: plantar flexes foot
Type of Muscles
Cardiac Muscle
- cells are long, cylindrical, branched, has single central nucleus, has striations, forms heart wall, and is an involuntary muscle.Joined to other cells at intercalated disc.
Smooth Muscle
- spindle-shaped cells with single central nucleus. Has no striations and is an involuntary muscle. Found mainly in hollow walls in organ,and eyes.
Skeletal Muscle
- cells are long, cylindrical, parallel, and multinucleated. Attached by tendons to bones, is striated, and is a voluntary muscle
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