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WHOLE BLOOD (FUNCTIONS (TRANSPORTATION (Nutrients (From digestive tract,…

- - - - DEFENSE against toxins and pathogens
        
        Transport of WBC
        
        Transport of antibodies, proteins that attack invading organism or foreign compounds
    - - O2: from lungs to tissues
      - CO2: from tissues to lungs
    - - From digestive tract
      - Released from adipose tissue
      - From Liver
    - - From Endocrine Glands
  - - - Neutralize acid made from tissues (i.e. lactic acid produced by skeletal muscle)
    - - Eliminate excess ions (i.e. Ca2+, K+)
  - - - Clotting
        
        Patch when there's a break in vessel
  - - - Heat loss from the surface of the skin
    - - WARM blood is directed to brain and other T° sensitive organs; heat is absorbed from skeletal muscles + blood redistributes it
- - - - In Red Marrow of Bones
        
        Start ~ 3 months before birth throughout life
        
        Until age of 5: Red Bone Marrow in ALL Bones of Skeleton produces blood cell
        
        After age 5: Red Bone Marrow is replaced in MOST bones by Yellow Bone Marrow
        
        Yellow Bone Marrow contain mostly adipocytes (fat)
        
        FUNCTION: LONG-TERM ENERGY STORAGE
        
        ADULTHOOD: Hematopoiesis and Red Bone Marrow LIMITED too certain areas
        
        Spongy bone of cranium
        
        Ribs
        
        Sternum
        
        Vertebrae
        
        Scapulae
        
        Pelvic Bones
        
        Proximal epiphyses of the humeri and femurs
        
        Stem cells (cells that develop into specialized cells) of red bone marrow
        
        Hematopoeitic stem cells (HSCs) / Hemocytoblasts (multipotent--ability to differentiate into a limited number of cells--stem cells)
        
        Activation of specific hormones / chemicals
        
        For cells to specialize depends on the different types of receptors on the cell's surface
        
        Progenitor cells
        
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  - - - ALBUMIN: 60 % of total plasma proteins
        
        Functions
        
        CARRIERS for substances in blood
        
        BUFFERS
        
        REGULATORS OF PLASMA OSMOLARITY (COLLOID OSMOTIC P)
        
        Maintain BV and BP
      - GLOBULIN
        
        Antibodies
        
        Part of immune system, produced by WBCs; recognize antigens on cell membranes
        
        Produced by WBCs
        
        Recognize antigens on cell membranes
        
        Transport Globulins
        
        Hydrophilic proteins that transport hydrophobic molecules(fat & steroids) in blood
      - FIBRINOGEN
      - Pathology
        
        Cirrhosis
        
        Liver Disease
        
        Causes
        
        Cancer
        
        Alcoholism (viral)
        
        Hepatitis
        
        Can cause ↓ in the production of plasma proteins
        
        ↓ in albumin = ↓ BCOP
        
        Water diffuses into extracellular space
        
        EDEMA
        
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        ↓ in proteins involved in hemostasis
        
        Easy bruising + Delay Clotting
      - ACTIVE & INACTIVE ENZYMES
    - - ~ 90% H2O
      - ~ 9% proteins
      - Rest: solutes