AP Human Geography
the area of geography that studies how human activity affects or influenced by the earth' surface
Globalization
Population
Migration
Cultural Exchange and diffusion(Stimulus, expansion, hierchical, contagious)
Basic understanding of maps-GPS, Location, Scale
Five Themes of Georgraphy-Movement, location, place, region, interaction
Indicators of Population
Malthusian Theory
The theory that population grows faster than food supply. Therefore, wars, famine and disasters are fundamental for continuous human existence.
replacement level
Crude death ratio
Crude birth ratio
However, the theory neglected the effect of technological advancement, which could sustain the exponential growth of human population
Epidemiologic transition model
Stage 1
Pestilence and Famine (high CDR)
-infectious and parasitic diseases, accidents and attacks by animals and humans, and other natural causes are principal reasons for human death
-ex. the Black Plague
Stage 2
Receding Pandemics (rapidly declining CDR)
-results from overcrowding
-ex. cholera outbreak
Stage 4
Delayed Degenerative Diseases (low but increasing CDR)
-The major degenerative causes of death - Cardiovascular diseases and Cancers- linger, but the life expectancy of older people is extended through medical advances
Stage 5
Reemergence of infectious diseases
-Infectious diseases thought to have been eradicated or controlled return and new ones emerge
-Evolution, Poverty, and increased connections
Stage 3
Degenerative/Chronic Diseases (moderately declining CDR)
-a decrease in deaths from infectious diseases and an increase in chronic disorders (e.g. cardiovascular diseases) associated with aging
Refugee crisis
Types of migration
Forced migration
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people who are forced to migrate
-ex: African slaves went to Brazil
-ex: Hitler forced Jews to concentration camps
Voluntary migration
making the choice to move
-ex: West Africa →Europe because of better jobs
Chain migration
1 person goes to establish a job in a home, then another 1, then the next
-ex: Grandma moved and got a job in US, then me and family in Russia came along)
Law of Migration
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1) most people migrate over short distance
2) migration occurs in a series of steps
3) long distance migrants tend to move to urban areas
4) each migration produces an opposite movement
5) people in rural areas migrate more than people in cities
6) cities grow more by migration than by natural increase